Lab 14

Question 1

What are the areas of the scapula?

Answer 1

Spine, acromion (acromial process) [attaches to spine], coracoid process, and glenoid cavity (fossa).

Question 2

What are the areas of the clavicle?

Answer 2

Acromial end [flat] and sternal (manubrial) end [bumpy]

Question 3

What are the areas of the humerus?

Answer 3

Head, olecranon fossa, trochlea, capitulum, lateral and medial epicondyles.

Question 4

What are the areas of the ulna?

Answer 4

Olecranon process, trochlear notch, styloid process

Question 5

What are the areas of the radius?

Answer 5

Head and styloid process

Question 6

What are the bones of the carpals?

Answer 6

1. scaphoid, 2. lunate, 3. triquetrum, 4. pisiform. 5. trapezium, 6. trapezoid, 7. capitate, and 8. hamate
   [count lateral to medial 1-4, 5-8]

Question 7

What are the major sections and components of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 7

Sacroiliac joint, Coxal bones (Os coxae), Illium, Ischium, pubis, pubic symphysis, pubic arch, obturator foramen, acetabulum, pelvic brim (inlet), pelvic outlet

Question 8

What are the areas of the illium?

Answer 8

Body, ala, iliac crest, greater sciatic notch

Question 9

What are the areas of the ischum?

Answer 9

Body, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity

Question 10

What are the areas of the pubis?

Answer 10

Body, pubic crest, superior ramus, inferior ramus, symphyseal surface

Question 11

What is contained in the pelvic brim (inlet)?

Answer 11

Pubic crest, arcuate line, sacrum

Question 12

What is contained in the pelvic outlet?

Answer 12

Pubic arch, ischial tuberosity, sacrum, coccyx

Question 13

What are the differences between an estrogen-prevalent and a testosterone-prevalent pelvis?

Answer 13

Pubic Arch: E-wide angle, T-narrow angle
Acetabulum: E- smaller & further apart, T- larger, closer tog.
Sacrum: E- wider, shorter, curved T-narrower, longer, less coved greater sciatic notch
Greater sciatic notch: E- wide & shallow T- narrow& deep
Pelvic Inlet: E- wide, oval T- more narrow, heart-shaped

Question 14

What are the aspects of the femur?

Answer 14

Head, neck, medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface

Question 15

What is the kneecap bone?

Answer 15

Patella

Question 16

What are the aspects of the tibia?

Answer 16

Articular surface for lateral condyle, articular surface for medial condyle, fibular facet, fibular notch, and medial malleolus

Question 17

What are the aspects of the fibula?

Answer 17

Head, lateral malleolus

Question 18

Wat are the bones of the foot?

Answer 18

Tarsals: 1. Calcaneus, 2. talus, 3. cuboid, 4. navicular, 5. medial cuneiform, 6. intermediate cuneiform, and 7. lateral cuneiform
Metatarsals: [begin medially] I, II, III, IV, V
Phalanges: Proximal and distal I, II, III, IV, V
middle: II, III, IV, V

Question 19

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 19

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 20

What is a fibrous joint and what are its types?

Answer 20

A fibrous joint is held together by very tough dense connective tissue. These joints are synarthrotic “no movement.”
-Sutures (all joints of cranium)
-Gomphosis (teeth and mandible/maxilla)
-Syndesmosis (distal fibula and tibia)

Question 21

What is a cartilaginous joint? What are the types?

Answer 21

A cartilaginous joint is cartilage holding bones together
-Synchondrosis: Made of hyaline cartilage synarthrotic “no movement” (costal cartilage of rib #1)
-Symphysis: Made of fibrocartilage, amphiarthrotic “a little movement” (pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks)

Question 22

What is a synovial joint? What are the types and what do their categories depend on?

Answer 22

Joints that are in a cavity lined with synovial membrane - diarthrotic, large amount of movement,
The types of joint depends on the shape of the bone at the articulation
Planar, pivot, ball and socket, condyloid, saddle, and hinge

Question 23

What is a planar joint? What are some examples?

Answer 23

A synovial joint that has a flat/slightly curved articulation surface
Examples:
-interior carpals and tarsals,
-superior and inferior articular facets of vertebrae-

Question 24

What is a pivot joint? What are some examples?

Answer 24

A synovial joint that is rounded/pointed and fits into a ring and has a ligand
Examples:
-Proximal end of radius and ulna,
-atlas and dens of axis

Question 25

What is a ball and socket joint? What are some examples?

Answer 25

A synovial joint that has a ball (globe-like) that fits into round socket
Examples:
-glenoid fossa and head of humerus,
-acetabulum and head of femur

Question 26

What is a condyloid joint? What are some examples?

Answer 26

A synovial joint has a OVAL/ rounded convex that fits into an OVAL concave
Examples:
-Distal end of radius/ulna and proximal articulations of scaphoid and lunate,
-distal end of tibia and talus,
-proximal phalanges and metacarpals/metatarsals

Question 27

What is a saddle joint? What is an example?

Answer 27

A synovial joint with a saddle-like bone and a bone that “sits” in the saddle.
Example:
-Metacarpal I and trapezium

Question 28

What is a hinge joint? What is an example?

Answer 28

A synovial joint with a convex that fits into a concave surface
Example:
-Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
-Articulation between phalanges.