PLATYHELMINTHES

Question 1

What type of symmetry?

Answer 1

bilateral

Question 2

diploblastic or triploblastic?

Answer 2

triploblastic

Question 3

acoelomate, coelomate, or no coelom?

Answer 3

acoelomate

Question 4

What type of body cavity?

Answer 4

Gastrovascular cavity

Question 5

What order?
* Gut with three branches
* Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial

Answer 5

Order Tricladida

Question 6

What order?
* Gut with many branches
* Large marine flatworms
* Often brightly colored

Answer 6

Order Polycladida

Question 7

What group?
* Monogenetic flukes
* Most are ectoparasites
* Hooks on both ends to attach to host

Answer 7

Monogenea

Question 8

What group?
* Digenetic flukes
* Most are endoparasites
* Suckers to attach to hosts

Answer 8

Trematoda
Digenea

Question 9

What group?
* Tapeworms
* Endoparasites
* No digestive tract

Answer 9

Cestoda

Question 10

Explain nervous system

Answer 10

Head region with a cerebral ganglion and sense organs (tactile, chemical, water flow, light, orientation)

Question 11

Explain reproductive system

Answer 11

Elaborate reproductive systems
* Simultaneous hermaphrodites

Question 12

How do they osmoregulate?

Answer 12

Protonephridia for osmoregulation in freshwater species

Question 13

What type of muscular system?

Answer 13

Muscular antagonistic
system

Question 14

What is the function of Rhabdoids?

Answer 14

Rhabdoids produce mucus and noxious compounds

Question 15

How do they support themselves?

Answer 15

Hydrostatic mesenchyme and muscular antagonistic system

Question 16

How do they move?

Answer 16

Crawl using cilia and mucus secretion

Question 17

How do they feed themselves?

Answer 17

Carnivorous or scavengers
* Three types of pharynx

Question 18

Explain modes of asexual reproduction

Answer 18

• Transverse fission
• Able to regenerate lost body parts
• Totipotent cells called neoblasts

Question 19

What type of cleavage?

Answer 19

spiral

Question 20

What type of blastula?

Answer 20

stereoblastula

Question 21

What type of development?

Answer 21

determinate development

Question 22

Monogenea and Trematoda:
what is the function of the tegument?

Answer 22

Tegument provides protection and aids in gas exchange.

Question 23

Monogenea and Trematoda:
Ciliated or no cilia?

Answer 23

no cilia

Question 24

Monogenea and Trematoda:
How do they move?

Answer 24

using muscular action

Question 25

Monogenea and Trematoda:
How do they adhere?

Answer 25

Monogenetic flukes have
attachment organs at both ends.
Prohaptor at oral end with
suckers, opisthaptor at hind end
with barbed suckers.

Digenetic flukes have an oral
sucker at oral end and an
acetabulum on ventral surface.

Question 26

Monogenea and Trematoda:
How do they feed?

Answer 26

Feed on host tissues by pumping of muscular pharynx.
Gut with two cecae lined with cells for nutrient uptake.

Question 27

Monogenea and Trematoda:
How do they reproduce and develop?

Answer 27

Simultaneous hermaphrodites with mutual cross fertilization.
Eggs are ectolecithal and can be brooded for long time.
Indirect development with one or more free living larval stages.

Question 28

How many hosts for a monogenetic fluke?

Answer 28

One

Question 29

How many hosts for a digenetic fluke?

Answer 29

more than one

Question 30

What is the name of an individual Cestoda segment?

Answer 30

proglottids

Question 31

Cestoda:
How do they feed themselves?

Answer 31

No gut. Nutrient uptake (both
pinocytosis and diffusion) across
tegument with microtriches.