Muscular System

Question 1

No. And percentage of muscle

Answer 1

700 named adding to 40-50% of body weight

Question 2

Functions

Answer 2

Stability
Heat protect
Control body opening passages
Organ protect

Question 3

Muscle fibre breakdown

Answer 3

Long cylinders of cell packed bundles wrapped in thin skin called Perimysium

Question 4

3 muscle tissue types

Answer 4

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Question 5

Muscles 5 shapes

Answer 5

1. Circular (orbicularis oculi) around eyes
2. Convergent (pectoralis major)
3. Parallel (recurs abdominis)
4. Pennate
   Unipennate (palmar interosseous ) between metacarpals
   Bipennate (recurs femoris) middle quad
   Multipennate (deltoid)
5. Fusiform (bicep)

Question 6

Major muscles groups

Answer 6

1. Arms and shoulders (deltoid, bicep, tricep)
2. Back (trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae)
3. Chest and pectoralis
4. Abdominals
5. Legs and buttocks (gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings, calves)

Question 7

Biceps

Answer 7

Long head originating from superaglenoid tubercle of scapula inserting to radius tuberosity allowing flexion at elbow and shoulder

Short head originating from coracoid process of scapula inserting at bicipital aponeurosis to fascia on medial side of forearm allowing supination of forearm

Question 8

Triceps

Answer 8

Originating from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula inserting posterior olencranon process of ulna allowing extension at elbow & shoulder, abduction of shoulder

Question 9

Deltoids

Answer 9

Originating from lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle inserting middle of lateral surface of humerus allowing Flexion & internal rotation of arm (clavicle), abduction of arm beyond 15• (acromial), extension & external rotation of arm (spinal)

Question 10

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 10

Originates spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest of cranium, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior angle of scapula, lower 3/4 ribs inserting bicipital groove of humerus allowing adduction, extension & internal rotation of arm and shoulder

Question 11

Rhomboids

Answer 11

Rhomboid major originates spinous process T2-T5 inserting medial border scapula from spine to inferior angle allowing speculative adduction/retraction

Rhomboid minor originates spinous process C7-T1 inserting medial border scapula near spine allowing downward rotation of scapula

Question 12

Erector spinae

Answer 12

Originates nuchal ligament, ribs 3-12, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, median & lateral sacral crest, thoracolumbar fascia inserting mastoid process, cervical & thoracic vertebrae & all ribs allowing extension & lateral Flexion of vertebrae column

Question 13

Trapezius

Answer 13

Originating external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3/T4 inserting acromion & spine of scapula , lateral 1/3 of clavicle allowing elevation & depression of shoulder, rotate and adduct scapula & stabilises scapula & arm during arm movement

Question 14

Chest

Answer 14

Clavicular head originates from medial half of clavicle inserting bicipital groove of humerus

Sternal head originates sternum, upper costal cartilages (1-6), aponeurosis of external oblique inserting crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Both allowing Flexion, medially rotation & adduction at shoulder

Question 15

Abdominals

Answer 15

External obliques originate ribs 5-12 inserting iliac crest & linea alba allowing rotation & lateral flexion of vertebrae column (Side)

Internal obliques originate inguinal ligament, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia inserting cartilages of ribs 7-10 & linea alba allowing rotation & lateral flexion of vertebrae column (underneath)

Rectus abdominis originates pubic crest & pubic symphysis inserting cartilages of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid process allowing Flexion of vertebrae column & compress abdomen (6 pack)

Transversus abdominis originates inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia & cartilages of ribs 7-10 inserting xiphoid process, linea alba & pubis allowing compress abdomen
(Wraps around spine for protection and stability)

Question 16

Gluteals

Answer 16

Gluteus maximus originates sacrum, iliac crest, coccyx inserting gluteal tuberosity of femur & iliotibial band allowing extension of thigh at hip joint & lateral rotation of thigh

Gluteus medius originates ilium inserting greater trochanter of femur allowing abduction of thigh at hip joint & medial rotation of thigh

Gluteus minimus originates ilium inserting greater trochanter of femur

Question 17

Quadriceps

Answer 17

Rectus femoris originates ilium, superior to acetabulum

Vastus lateralis originates femur at greater trochanter, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity

Vastus medialis originates intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera

Vastus intermidius originates anterior & lateral surfaces of femoral shaft

All inserting patella & into tibia tuberosity via patellar ligament & lateral & Musial condyles of tibia allowing knee extension & Rectus femoris flexes thigh at hips

Question 18

Hamstring

Answer 18

Bicep femoris originates long head ischial tuberosity, short head linea aspera inserting head of fibula

Semitendinosus originates ischial tuberosity inserting medial surfaces if tibia

Semimembranosus originates ischial tuberosity inserting Musial tibial condyle

All allowing knee Flexion, bicep femoris extends hips

Question 19

Calves

Answer 19

Originate femoral condyles of femur inserting calcaneus via calcaneal tendon allowing plantar Flexion at ankle, inversion of foot & Flexion of knee