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pharmacology > CNS stimulants > Flashcards

CNS stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient is showing increased activity of the central nervous system what will the nurse assume the patient may have in their system?

a. depressants
b. stimulants
c. H2O

A

b. stimulants

stimulants typically enhance neuronal excitationwhile a few will suppress neuronal inhibition.

In doses high enough, all stimulants can cause a seizures.

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2
Q

What two diagnoses will the nurse contribute to stimulants?
a. HBP and HTN
b. Hyperipidemia and HTN
c. ADHD and Narcolepsy
d. Shock and CVD

A

c. ADHD and Narcolpsy

primary clinical applications of stimulants

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3
Q

ADHD is a psychiatric condition that develops during what age?
a. childhood
b. middle age
c. early adulthood
d. elderly

A

a.childhood

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4
Q

ADHD is characerized by inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity. True or false.

A

True.

It could also be a combination of both and is dx by pt history.

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5
Q

The Amphetamine, Adderall is used to treat a patient with what Dz? select all that apply.
a. ADHD
b. Narcolepsy
c. heart attack
d. stroke

A

a. ADHD
b. Narcolepsy

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6
Q

Increases DA and NE (central & peripheral) by reversing the transporter through inhibiting storage

A

Amphetamine

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7
Q

Based on the molecular structure of Amphetamine, how does dextroamphetamine effect patients?

a. more potent
b. less potent
c. pro-drug - vyvanse
d. analog of dextroamphetamine

A

a. more potent

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8
Q

Based on the molecular structure of Amphetamine, how does levoamphetamine effect patients?

a. more potent
b. less potent
c. pro-drug - vyvanse
d. analog of dextroamphetamine

A

less potent

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9
Q

Based on the molecular structure of Amphetamine, how does listdexamamfetamine troamphetamine effect patients?

a. more potent
b. less potent
c. pro-drug - vyvanse
d. analog of dextroamphetamine

A

pro-drug - vyvanse

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10
Q

Based on the molecular structure of Amphetamine, how does methampheamfetamine effect patients?

a. more potent
b. less potent
c. pro-drug - vyvanse
d. analog of dextroamphetamine

A

d. (analog of dextroamphetamined

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11
Q

pharmacological effects of Amphetamine

A
  • Increased focus, wakefulness, mood, and initiative
  • Sympathetic effects: dose-dependent increase in heart rate, AV conduction, force of contraction, and blood vessel tone
  • Tolerance develops overtime
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12
Q

People who take Amphetamine for years can develop a physical dependence to the drug, but the nurse knows that is the patient was to stop taking it the patient can develop what syndrome?

A

abstinence syndrome

  • Amphetamine, adderall has a high potential for abuse
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13
Q

The nurse should advise a pt who takes Amphetamine and is experiencing insomnia and restlessness to do what?

A

avoid late dosing and mixing with caffeine

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14
Q

The nurse should advise a pt who takes Amphetamine and is experiencing weight loss to do what?

A

morning doses should be taken after breakfast, last daily dose should be taken early in the afternoon

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15
Q

The pt who takes was just placed on Amphetamine and has a hx of heart conditions should be told to do what?

A

educate patients to monitor and notify their HCP if issues develop (dysrhythmias, angina, palpitations, hypertension)

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16
Q

The nurse should advise a pt who takes Amphetamine and is experiencing paranoid psychosis to do what?

A

D/C the drug

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17
Q

Methylphenidate

A

first line agent in ADHD

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18
Q

NONSTIMULANT

A

Atomoxetine

  • used when stimulants fail
  • increases norephineprine
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19
Q

Atomoxetine interacts with what drugs, causing a hypertensive crisis therefore needs 3 weeks between the agents?

a. Barbituates
b. NSAIDS
c. MAOI
d. LOL

A

C. MAOI

Monoamine oxiase inhibitors

MAOI’s: Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Selegiline patch

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20
Q

Modafinil is the first line agent in what disorder?

a. ADHD
b. Insomnia
c. BPD
d. Narcolepsy

A

d. Narcolepsy

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21
Q

Neonatal apnea

A

Caffeine, or methylxanthine can be given to babies whoe are having trouble with their breathing bc it helps promote the natrual breathing response.

dialates bronchial smooth muscle (theophylline) and stimulates the CNS

22
Q

Abuse

A

Use of an agent inconsistent with medical need

23
Q

Addiction

A

Use of an agent despite physical, psychologic, or social harm

24
Q
A

,

25
Q
A

,

26
Q
A

,

27
Q
A

,

28
Q
A

,

29
Q

prevention is always better that treatment. True or false.

A

true.

30
Q

common drugs of abuse

A
  • alcohol
  • nicotine
  • marijuana
  • opioids
  • bendodiazepines, barbiturates
  • psychostimulants
  • inhalants
31
Q

Consuming Alcohol can pose adverse effects such as liver damage, cancer, and alcohol-related behaviors. True or false?

A

True.

32
Q

A pt arrived to the ER for alchol intoication but is complain of pain. What medication should the nurse avoid?

A

Acetaminophen

33
Q

Acute alcohol overdose is charaterized by vomiting, coma, respiratory depression, hypotension therefore the nurse know what about the pt?

A

they are a high risk for aspiration

34
Q

Tolerance

A

Cross-tolerance occurs with other CNS depressants – but not opioids

35
Q

severe alcohol withdrawl can reresult in death. True or false.

A

True.

36
Q

A patient is having a hard time staying sober and maintaining their alcohol abstinence. What can the nurse assume the HCP will order?

a. Naltrexone
b. Acetaminophen
c. Motrin
d. Altepase

A

a. Naltrexone

37
Q

Physical dependence

A

Cross-dependence occurs with other CNS depressants – but not opioids

38
Q

What is the #1 culprit for preventable illness and premature death?
a. alcohol
b. opioids
c. marijuana
d. nicotine

A

d. nicotine

39
Q

Activation of nicotinic receptors

A
  • Cardiovascular stimulation (sympathetic)
  • Increases gastric acid secretion and GI motility (parasympathetic)
40
Q

What drugs pose adverse effects of cancer, CVD, and lung disease?

A

Nicotine

other adverse effects:
- increases pregnancy complications
- stains teeth and nails, premature aging

41
Q

The patient ask the nurse about smoking cessation products for nicotine use. The nurse may metion all of the following except:
a. Patch (NicoDerm)
b. Gum or Lozenge (Nicorette)
c. Nasal Spray or Inhaler (Nicotrol)
d. buying bulk and stopping when you run out

A

d. buying bulk and stoping when you run out

42
Q

Nicotine toxicity

A
  • SLUDGE
  • respiratory paralysis
  • rapid/weak/irregular pulse
43
Q

SLUDGE

A

cholinergic crisis

S - Salvation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defication

Cholinergic medications are a category of pharmaceutical agents that act upon the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter within the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).

44
Q

A patient has been prescribed nicorette chewing gum and ask how to propely get the best effects from the product. Which statement indicates the nurses teaching was not effective.

a. “The gum should be chewed slowly for about 30 mins”
b. “I should avoid eating or drining 15 minutes prior and during chewing”
c. “I can chew the same amount of cigarettes I would smoke in an hour”
d. “ My mouth and throat may get sore and I may burp and have the hiccups more often, but thats normal”

A

c. “I can chew the same amount of cigarettes I would smoke in an hour”

The chewing gum:
- Can cause mouth and throat soreness, belching, and hiccups
- Should be chewed slowly and intermittently (about 30 minutes)
- The pt should chew one piece every 2-3 hours, less than or equal to 24 pieces in a day
- Avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes prior and during chewing

45
Q

A patient has been prescribed nicorette lozenges and ask how to propely get the best effects from the product. Which statement indicates the nurses teaching was not effective.

a. “I should chew the tablet then swallow when ever I get cravings”
b. “I should Take 1 lozenge every 1-2 hours, ≤ 20 lozenges in a day”
c. “Avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes prior”
d. “ My mouth may become irritated, and I may get nauseus and have the hiccups more often, but thats normal”

A

a. “I should chew the tablet then swallow when ever I get cravings”

Lozenges:
- Can cause mouth irritation, dyspepsia, nausea, and hiccups
- Allow lozenge to dissolve over 20-30 minutes
- Do not chew or swallow
- Take 1 lozenge every 1-2 hours, ≤ 20 lozenges in a day
- Avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes prior

46
Q

Transdermal Patches

A
  • Can cause some itching and burning under the patch
  • Apply once a day to clean, dry, non-hairy skin
  • Rotate application sites daily, do not re-use sites for at least 1 week
47
Q

Nicotine Inhaler

A
  • Can cause dyspepsia, coughing, through irritation, oral burning, and rhinitis
  • Puffing should occur over 20 minutes and the cartridge discarded
  • Patients usually start with 6-16 cartridges a day
  • Should not be used in patients with asthma

contraindicated in ppl w/ asthma

helps with the satisfation of smoking without getting into the lungs, it is geting mouth

48
Q

Nicotine Nasal Spray

A

Nicotine levels rise rapidly

49
Q

Opioids

A
  • if a pt is prescribed an opioid and wants to take it, you do not have the right to decide not to give it to them
  • ## Opioid abstinence syndrome is rarely fatal, but have alot of adverse effects
50
Q

Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates, which has a high risk of death?

A

Barbiturates

51
Q

psychostimulants

Mehtamphetamine

A

Increase NE and DA release for wakefulness, elevated mood, increased physical and mental capacity

pharmacology (10 decks)

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