Final Exam Review

Question 1

Olfactory Nerve

Answer 1

Cranial nerve I. Sensory nerve. Carries impulses for the sense of smell

Question 2

Optic Nerve

Answer 2

Cranial nerve II. Sensory nerve. Carries impulses for the sense of sight

Question 3

Oculomotor Nerve

Answer 3

Cranial nerve III. Motor nerve. Responsible for constriction of pupils and accommodation of lens for near vision

Question 4

Trochlear Nerve

Answer 4

Cranial nerve IV. Motor nerve. Responsible for eye movement. Upward and downward rotation of the eye.

Question 5

Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 5

Cranial nerve V. Mixed nerve. Sensory: Supplies the cutaneous and proprioceptive sensation of the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth. Also, sensory nerve of teeth.
Motor: Responsible for the movement of tongue/ muscles for mastication

Question 6

Abducens Nerve

Answer 6

Cranial nerve VI. Motor nerve. Responsible for the closing and opening of the eyeball. Responsible for lateral movements of the eye

Question 7

Facial Nerve

Answer 7

Cranial nerve VII. Mixed nerve. Sensory: Responsible for sensation from tongue and soft palate. Supplies taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue.
Motor: Supplies muscles of facial expression

Question 8

Auditory Nerve

Answer 8

Cranial nerve VIII. Sensory nerve. Responsible for sensation of hearing. Also plays a major role in equilibrium

Question 9

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 9

Cranial nerve IX. Mixed nerve. Sensory: Supplies tonsils, pharynx, and soft palate.
Motor: Controls muscles of pharynx

Question 10

Vagus Nerve

Answer 10

Cranial nerve X. Mixed nerve.
Sensory: Supplies pinna, pharynx, larynx, and viscera.
Motor: Controls muscles of tongue, pharynx, larynx, and smooth muscles of viscera. Also does vocal fold vibration

Question 11

Accessory Nerve

Answer 11

Cranial nerve XI. Motor nerve. Controls muscles of neck, pharynx, larynx, and soft palate. Enervates neck muscles

Question 12

Hypoglossal Nerve

Answer 12

Cranial nerve XII. Motor nerve. Supplies strap muscles of the neck and supplies the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Mostly associated with tongue movement

Question 13

diploe

Answer 13

Middle spongey layer of the calvarium. Gives the skull strength while being light and enhances resiliency of the skull. Acts like pin cushion when skull fractures

Question 14

Subarachnoid Cisterns

Answer 14

Openings in the subarachnoid space. Filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Some areas have more fluid than others.

Question 15

Hydrocephaly

Answer 15

Accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, which causes the brain to expand outward. Skull expands outward with brain. In adults, the skull has no give and the brain crushes itself.

Question 16

Microcephaly

Answer 16

Infant skull fuses too early. The head is atypically small and results in brain damage. Brain’s growth is confided.

Question 17

Dural Reflections

Answer 17

Sheet like projections of dura mater into the brain itself. Function to provide additional support and protection of the brain.

Question 18

Falx Cerebri

Answer 18

Dural reflection that goes into longitudinal fissure and separates the two hemispheres from one another

Question 19

Falx Cerebelli

Answer 19

Dural reflection that projects and separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

Question 20

Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 20

Dural reflection that projects into gap between cerebellum and brain. Separates occipital lobe from cerebellum

Question 21

Diaphragma Sella

Answer 21

Forms boundary between hypothalamus and inner skull

Question 22

Meninges

Answer 22

Three layer structure that is composed of non nervous tissue which surrounds and adheres to brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Dura Mater

Answer 23

The outermost layer of meninges. Thick two layered structure that adheres firmly to inner surface of skull

Question 24

Periosteum

Answer 24

Outermost layer of dura mater. Tough tissue that covers bone. Adheres to inner skull

Question 25

Meningeal Dura

Answer 25

Tightly adheres to next layer of meninges, arachnoid mater

Question 26

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 26

Thin, semitransparent membrane. Tightly attached to meningeal dura.

Question 27

Pia Mater

Answer 27

Closely adheres to the brain. Follows brains nooks and crannies. A limiting membrane. Gives brain its pinkish color due to lots of blood vessels.

Question 28

Subarachnoid Space

Answer 28

Sends arachnoid villi into venous sinuses, which is important and plays a role in circulation of spinal fluid. Below the arachnoid mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Only typical occurring fluid filled space outside the brain. Does typically exist.

Question 29

Subdural Space

Answer 29

Potential space between inner layer of dura mater and arachnoid mater. Usually doesn’t exist

Question 30

Epidural Space

Answer 30

Potential space between cranium and outer layer of dura mater. Usually doesn’t exist

Question 31

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 31

A vein tears and it bleeds and creates a space between the meningeal dura and arachnoid mater

Question 32

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 32

Meningeal artery tears and fills with blood. Crushes brain outward in.

Question 33

Choroid Plexus

Answer 33

A specialized collection of epithelial cells and you’ll find it in an area of each ventricle of the brain. Always producing cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 34

Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 34

Starts in lateral ventricles. Then passes through intervertebral foramen and goes to 3rd ventricle. Then through cerebral aqueduct into 4th ventricle. Exits ventricular system via 4th ventricle apertures and fills up subarachnoid space. At various points, the arachnoid villi sucks up cerebrospinal fluid and deposits it on venous sinuses of dura mater, then drained back to heart via jugular vein.