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4006 Oral Surgery > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes Group Viruses

A

HSV 1 and 2
Varicella-Zoster virus
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus

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2
Q

HHV1

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis may become latent and recur as a cold sore

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3
Q

HHV 2

A

Genital herpes and occassionally causes oral disease that is similar to HHV 1

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4
Q

HHV 3

A

Varicella zoster virus
primary infection chickenpox
secondary reactivation herpes zoster

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5
Q

HHV 4

A

Epstein Barr virus causes infection mononucleosis
Oral hairy leukoplakia

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6
Q

HHV 5

A

Cytomegalovirus
Primary infection of salivary glands and other tissues

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7
Q

HHV 6

A

Roseola Infantum
Febrile illness that affects young people
Chronically persists in salivary glands

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8
Q

HHV 7

A

Saliva of healthy adults
Roseola Infantum

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9
Q

HHV 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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10
Q

HSV Transmission

A
  1. Direct contact with infective lesion
  2. Contact with infected saliva from individual shedding of the virus
  3. Transfer via inanimate objects
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11
Q

HSV

A

sudden onset, incubation period 2-20 days
duration, 10-14 days
number - 5% clinically severe
frequency, once only infection

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12
Q

HSV Oral Clinical features

A

cervical lymph adenopathy
pyrexia
rarely macular skin rashes

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13
Q

HSV diagnoses

A

virus PCR swab
clinical diagnoses
antibody status in acute and convalescent sera
immunofluorescence

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14
Q

HSV management

A

maintain fluid intake
analgesic therapy
systemic acyclovir
mouthwash therapy

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15
Q

Recurrent HSV CF

A

Initial prodrome
clusters of tiny blisters, which ulcerate
crusting and healing

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16
Q

Herpes Labialis HPC

A

Spontaneous onset, trauma
7-10 days
single or multiple
junction vermilion border lip

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17
Q

Herpes Labialis management

A

preventive measures
warn pts of infectivity of the lesion
topical acyclovir cream in prodromal phase

18
Q

Herpes Labialis dental implications

A

transmission to dentist
transmission to dental equipment
cross infection control of paramount importance

19
Q

Varicella zoster virus

A

highly contagious - direct contact/coughing
initial infection
dormant in dorsal root, cranial nerve or autonomic ganglion
recurrent infection - herpes zoster

20
Q

Herpes zoster CF

A

Unilateral painful vesicular eruption localised to a single dermatome

21
Q

Herpes Zoster HPC

A

Reactivation associated with impaired host immunity
pain precedes eruption by 2-4 days
commonest CNS viral infection
40+ age group

22
Q

Herpes Zoster management

A

high dose systemic acyclovir for 7-10 days
800mg x 5 days

23
Q

Herpes Zoster dental significance

A

Infectivity of lesions
pain may mimic toothache
post herpetic neuralgia

24
Q

Varicella zoster pathology

A

degeneration of epithelial cells leads to vesicle formation and ulcer formation
chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the connective tissue

25
Q

Epstein Barr virus

A

associated with glandular fever
associated with hairy leukoplakia
EBV related to oral ulceration: mimics SCC in immunocompromised
associated with mumps-like disease

26
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

associated with oral ulceration in immunocompromised host
can affect salivary glands in infants and immunocompromised

27
Q

Acyclovir

A

viruses are obligate intracellular parasites requiring host cell metabolic processes for replication
antiviral drugs should affect virus but not host cells

28
Q

Acyclovir MOA

A

Analogue of purine nucleotide
Viral enzymes phosphorylate drug to Acyclo-AMP
Cellular enzymes phosphorylate Acyclo-AMP to Acylclo-GTP
Acyclo-GTP inhibits viral DNA synthesis

29
Q

Acyclovir uses

A

Herpes labialis
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Herpes Zoster Infection

30
Q

Acyclovir pharmacokinetics

A

oral absorption moderate
1/2 2.5hrs
crosses blood brain barrier
eliminated by the kidney

31
Q

Acyclovir and Primary Gingivostomatitis

A

systemic therapy 200mg 5x day
begin tx at onset of infection
children over 2yrs - full adult dose

32
Q

Acyclovir and herpes labialis

A

topical 5% cream in prodromal phase
aborts lesion in prodromal phase in 40% cases
reduces duration of lesion which develop

33
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Measles virus
Mumps virus

34
Q

Measles transmission

A

primarily airbone
high contagious
effective vaccination programme

35
Q

Measles clinical picture

A

respiratory symptoms
inflamed eyes
pyrexia
rash
koplik spots
self limiting
potentially serious life threatening complications e.g., encephalitis, pneumonia and blindness

36
Q

Mumps transmission

A

airborne
inanimate objects
highly contagious
effective vaccination programme

37
Q

Mumps clinical picture

A

enlarged salivary glands
flu like symptoms
usually self limiting
potentially serious complications

38
Q

Mumps diagnosis and tx

A

clinical
pcr
acute and convalescing serum
supportive therapies
notify public health agency

39
Q

hand, foot and mouth disease

A

symptoms –> general malaise, fever, flat red rash on hands, feet and around mouth
diagnosis –> clinical

40
Q

HPV: squamous papilloma

A

benign mucosal mass
pedunculated
finger like projections
HPV 6 and 11
excisional biopsy

4006 Oral Surgery (16 decks)

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