Genes Test (2nd Dec 2022)

Question 1

What is variation?

Answer 1

Differences within a species

Question 2

What’s a phenotype?

Answer 2

The appearance of an organism

Question 3

What’s asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

• One organism
• Clone
• Mitosis

Question 4

What’s sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

• Two organisms
• Not identical offspring
• Variation
• Meiosis

Question 5

What’re the sex cells called?

Answer 5

Gametes:
- Sperm
- Ova

Question 6

What’s a diploid cell?

Answer 6

• Contain 2 sets of each chromosome
• Normal body cells

Question 7

What’s a haploid cell?

Answer 7

• Contains only one of each chromosome
• Gametes

Question 8

What’s the cell after fertilization called?

Answer 8

Zygote

Question 9

What cells does it produce when haploid gametes join together?

Answer 9

Diploid cells

Question 10

What’s the genome?

Answer 10

The entire genetic material

Question 11

How are gametes made?

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

What does meiosis produce from a diploid parent cell?

Answer 12

4 haploid cells

Question 13

What are the stages of meiosis?

Answer 13

• Mitosis I: Makes two identical cells
• Mitosis II: Pulls chromosomes in half, this makes 4 haploid cells

Question 14

How does genetic variation occur?

Answer 14

By the different alleles from the parents.

Question 15

What’s the genotype?

Answer 15

Combinations of alleles in an organism

Question 16

What’s homozygous?

Answer 16

Two copies of the same allele.
- Homozygous Dominant (BB)
- Homozygous Recessive (bb)

Question 17

What’s heterozygous?

Answer 17

Different versions of a gene.
- Written as Bb

Question 18

What’s male 23rd pair?

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

What’s female 23rd pair?

Answer 19

XX

Question 20

What is mutation?

Answer 20

When DNA is altered:
- Substances
- Radiation

Question 21

What does mutation do?

Answer 21

Creates new alleles
All variation is essentially created by mutation

Question 22

What does Adenine bond with?

Answer 22

Thymine

Question 23

What does Cytosine bond with?

Answer 23

Guanine

Question 24

What’s evolution?

Answer 24

Gradual change of a species?

Question 25

How do organisms evolve?

Answer 25

Natural selection

Question 26

What’s natural selection?

Answer 26

A species has variation
- Organisms better suited for their environment, survive and reproduce
- Pass on genes to offspring
- This are the naturally selected genes

Question 27

What’s survival of the fittest?

Answer 27

The organisms most suited to their environment are the ones who survive & reproduce.

Question 28

What are fossils?

Answer 28

Fossils are remains of animals/plants preserved in rocks.

Question 29

How does fossils help prove evolution?

Answer 29

• Simple organisms, old fossils
• Complex organisms, new fossils
• Can show evolution of species with fossil records

Question 30

Who made the theory of evolution?

Answer 30

• Charles Darwin
• Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 31

What is classification?

Answer 31

Sorting organisms into groups with similar features.

Question 32

Why do scientists classify organisms?

Answer 32

• Identify species
• Predict characteristics
• Find or show evolutionary links

Question 33

What’s artificial classification?

Answer 33

Groups organisms together with observable characteristics and physical traits.

Question 34

What’s natural classification?

Answer 34

Groups organisms together through DNA and their genetic material

Question 35

What’re the seven taxonomic levels?

Answer 35

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 36

What’s binomial nomenclature?

Answer 36

Genus + species
- Used to name species globally