Navigation

Question 1

What is variation

Answer 1

The difference between magnetic and true

Question 2

What is compass deviation

Answer 2

Difference between magnetic and compass north

Question 3

What is departure

Answer 3

The east west distance along a parallel of latitude

Question 4

Rhumb line

Answer 4

Tracks with a constant direction between two points on a sphere

Question 5

Convergency

Answer 5

Change of direction experienced between two points

Question 6

Doppler effect

Answer 6

Change in frequency of signal due to change in distance between transmitter and receiver

Question 7

How does INS/IRS find true and magnetic north

Answer 7

True = by being aligned by gyros

Magnetic by applying variation

Question 8

Ads of INS/IRS

Answer 8

-global
-self contained
-very accurate
-ring laser (short warm up, no real wonder, no real precession, accurate)

Question 9

Disads of IRS/INS

Answer 9

1. Bounded and unbounded errors
2. Inherent

Question 10

What 3 things makes up INS/IRS

Answer 10

1. Gyros
2. Accelerometers
3. Computers/electronics

Question 11

How many satellites for gps

Answer 11

24 or more from US department

Question 12

Ads of GPS

Answer 12

-global
-high capacity use
-lots of redundancy
-cornerstone for future
-very accurate

Question 13

What does differential gps eliminate

Answer 13

1. Selective availability
2. Ionospheric errors

Question 14

Two reasons why INS/IRS is more accurate than GPS

Answer 14

1. Downgrading on normal GPS
2. Only true onboard self contained system

Question 15

What is RNAV

Answer 15

Onboard area navigation equipment that uses basic VOR/DME, as well as other position sensors

Question 16

VHF direction finding

Answer 16

Uses communication radio waves to provide bearing info

Question 17

QUJ, QTE, QDM, QDR

Answer 17

QUJ- true bearing to
QTE- true bearing from
QDM- magnetic bearing to
-QDR- magnetic bearing from

Question 18

NDB frequency and range equation

Answer 18

200-1750khz

Range = 3 x root (power output)

Question 19

Issues NDB prone too

Answer 19

1. Static
2. Mountain affect
3. Coastal effect
4. Quadrantal error
5. Interference
6. Night effect

Question 20

What must NDBs be accurate to

Answer 20

5 degrees

Question 21

When is BFO used

Answer 21

To ident an NDB when unmodulated carrier waves are used

Question 22

VOR frequency and range equation

Answer 22

108-118mhz

Range = 1.25 (root H1) + 1.25(root H2)

Question 23

3 issues prone to VOR

Answer 23

Equipment error
Site error
Propagation error

Question 24

Localiser coverage

Answer 24

Up to 6000ft

10deg to 25nm
35deg to 17nm

Both either side of centreline

Question 25

Glide slope distances

Answer 25

10NM, 8deg either side of localiser

Question 26

Modulation frequency ils

Answer 26

90hz and 150hz

Question 27

ILS frequency range

Answer 27

108 to 112 MHz

Question 28

DME basis of operation and range

Answer 28

Onboard interrogator and ground beacon transponder

Range = root (1.5 x aircraft height)

Question 29

DME accuracy

Answer 29

0.5nm or 3%, whatever is greater

Question 30

3 modes of transponder

Answer 30

Mode A - aircraft info only
Mode C - aircraft info and altitude
Mode S- everything + data communication ability

Question 31

Weather radar aerial coverage

Answer 31

90deg L/R
Tilt 15deg

Question 32

Weather radar colours

Answer 32

Green = light precipitation
Yellow/amber = medium precipitation
Red = heavy
Magenta = extreme

Question 33

Different picture shapes on weather radar

Answer 33

Finger/hook/Ushape = vertical drafts, hail

Rapid changing shapes = areas of high instability

Question 34

Isohypse

Answer 34

Line of equal height and barometric pressure

Question 35

Fastest jet stream

Answer 35

Sub tropical