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Anatomy Unit 5 > Bony Thorax pt. 3 > Flashcards

Bony Thorax pt. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Lines the lungs, has a frosty appearance. Spongy.
-Think like Pia Mater. Directly applied to the lungs

A

Visceral Pleura

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2
Q

Lines the chest wall anteriorly around the area of the lungs.
Divided into 4 parts:
-Costal Pleura: largest; lines chest wall all the way around the chest.
-Diaphragmatic Pleura: portion underneath the lungs that lines the diaphragm
-Cervical Pleura: Lies on the apex of the lung
-Mediastinal Pleura: Lines medial aspect of the lungs, looks into the space created between the two lungs on either side.

A

Parietal Pleura

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3
Q

Covered tightly by parietal pleura (derived from scalene fascia)
-Cervical Pleura

A

Apex of the Lung

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4
Q

Ends above the end of the pleura, creating a space called the costodiaphragmatic recess. Allows room for the lungs to expand, prevents restrictive breathing.
-With inflammation/infection, fluid collects here due to gravity.
-Pleura ends about 2 rib spaces below the end of the lungs.

A

Base of lungs

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5
Q

Base of lungs: MCL to the 6th rib; MAL to the 8th rib; PVL to the 10th rib
Parietal Pleura: MCL to the 8th rib; MAL to the 10th rib; PVL to the 12th rib

A

Ending Locations

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6
Q

Where do you insert the needle for a thoracentesis?

A

At the 10th ICS or below (no lung present)
-Go over the top of the rib to avoid the IC artery, nerve, etc.
-Slide needle over the 11th rib

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7
Q

Healthy lungs should be about ____ in above the clavicle

A

1 in

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8
Q

-Radiolucent (Dark)
-Normal vessel cloudiness
-Heart shadow
-Aortic Knuckle/Arch of the aorta
-Clavicles
-Lungs above the clavicles by about 1 in

A

Healthy Lungs CXR

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9
Q

Where the blood vessels and airway come and go.

A

Hilum

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10
Q

Found below the hilum. Formed by two layers of parietal pleura coming together

A

Pulmonary Ligament

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11
Q

In the right lung, the bronchus is ______.
-Airway lies behind and slightly above the artery.

A

Epiarterial

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12
Q

In the left lung, the bronchus is ______.
-Airway lies below the pulmonary artery.

A

Hypoarterial

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13
Q

Contains:
-Aortic Impression (Groove for the Aortic Arch): Large impression that curves and runs posteriorly.
-Cardiac impression: hole for the heart
-Cardiac notch: Interruption in the impression (on the side)
-Lingula: residual 3rd lobe, projection off of the upper lobe

A

Left Lung

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14
Q

Contains:
-Esophageal Impression: Indentation for the esophagus
-Impression Arch - Azygos Vein

A

Right Lung

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15
Q

A large vein that bypasses some of the load of blood volume to get it back to the heart. Terminates in the SVC. Typically found on the right side.

A

Azygos Vein

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16
Q

Subdivisions of the lungs separated by fissures.

A

Lobes

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17
Q

Subdivisions of the lobes, each are separated by a fibrous septum.

A

Bronchopulmonary Segments

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18
Q

Fissure that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung

A

Horizontal fissure

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19
Q

Fissure that separates the middle and lower lobes of the right lung.

A

Oblique Fissure

20
Q

Fissure that separates the upper and lower lobes of the left lung.

A

Oblique Fissure

21
Q

The right lung has _____ Bronchopulmonary Segments

A

10

22
Q

The left lung has _____ Bronchopulmonary Segments

A

8

23
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the right upper lobe

A

Apical, Posterior, and Anterior

24
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the right middle lobe

A

Lateral and Medial

25
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe

A

Superior, Anterior Basal, and Lateral Basal

26
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe (medial view)

A

Medial Basal and Posterior Basal

27
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobe

A

Apico-Posterior, Anterior, Superior, and Inferior (Lingula)

28
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the left lower lobe

A

Superior, Antero-Medial Basal, and Lateral Basal

29
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the left lower lobe (medial view)

A

Posterior Basal

30
Q

Arteries that supply the lung tissue.
-1 on the right (off of the 3rd Post. IC artery)
-2 on the left (Aortic Arch)
-Run and subdivide with the airways out to the bronchial capillaries
-Can have variations of normal

A

Bronchial Arteries

31
Q

Variable, but run retrograde with the bronchial arteries.
-Drain into the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein and the Left Superior Intercostal Vein

A

Left Bronchial Veins

32
Q

Variable, but run retrograde with the bronchial arteries.
-Drain into the Azygos Vein

A

Right Bronchial Veins

33
Q

Some Bronchial Veins may form cross-anastomoses with Pulmonary veins, resulting in _______ _____________.
-Inability for SpO2 to naturally register as 100% due to this physiologic mixing of blood.

A

Venous Admixture

34
Q

The Trachea is about ___ in long in total. About ___ in in the neck (Cervical part), and about ____ in in the thorax (thoracic part).
-Has about ____ C-Shaped Rings

A

4; 2; 2.
20 C-shaped rings

35
Q

Muscle that gives the esophagus the flexibility to expand and contract. Prevents the esophagus from hitting against hard cartilage. Smooth muscle. Covers the incomplete back of the trachea.

A

Trachealis Muscle

36
Q

Provide stability to the tracheal wall while you breathe due to changing pressures. Gives the trachea a “Skeleton” that prevents it from expanding/contracting as you breathe.
-Provides integrity to the trachea and bronchial systems.

A

C-Shaped Cartilaginous Rings

37
Q

The Trachea bifurcates at the _____________________.

A

Sternal Angle of Louis (Manubrio-sternal Joint)

38
Q

From Right to Left MS Bronchi is ______ degrees
-Right down is _____ degrees
-Left down is ______ degrees

A

62; 25; 37

39
Q

Bronchus that is longer, smaller in diameter, and more horizontal

A

Left Mainstem Bronchus

40
Q

Bronchus that is shorter, larger in diameter, and more vertical (Steeper angle)

A

Right Mainstem Bronchus

41
Q

Mainstem Bronchus divide in the Lobar Bronchi, named for each of the lobes of the lung (3 on the R and 2 on the L). The Lobar Bronchi divide into the Bronchopulmonary Segments. Each Bronchopulmonary Segment has its own Segmental Bronchus. (R: 10 BP segments, so 10 segmental bronchi). Segmental Bronchi form Subsegmental Bronchi, getting smaller and smaller. From there, divide into Bronchioles

A

Airway Progression

42
Q

By the time you get down to the ______, you have lost the cartilaginous rings, but you keep the cartilaginous plates that help to protect the airway and keep it from collapsing.

A

Subsegmental Bronchi

43
Q

Less than 1 mm in Diameter.
-No cartilage
-Smooth muscle tubes that keep the airways open.
-Muscle & Epithelium
-Terminate in the Alveoli

A

Bronchioles

44
Q

Exchange O2 and CO2 with the blood in the alveolar capillaries via a very small membrane

A

Alveoli

45
Q

Which is more difficult to diffuse, O2 or CO2?

A

O2 is more difficult.
-Increased thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane makes it difficult for gases to absorb.

46
Q

Has several layers:
-Surfactant: on the alveolar side. Layer of moisture that lines mucus membranes
-Alveolar epithelium
-Alveolar Basement Membrane: connecting tissue that alveoli sits on
-Interstitial Space
-Capillary Basement Membrane
-Capillary Epithelium
-RBC

A

Alveolar-Capilary Membrane

Anatomy Unit 5 (10 decks)

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