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Adults > musculoskeletal modalities (4) > Flashcards

musculoskeletal modalities (4) Flashcards

1
Q

what are purposes of casting?

A

-IMMOBILIZE FRACTURE
-CORRECT/PREVENT DEFORMITY
-SUPPORT WEAKENED JOINTS

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2
Q

what are complications of casting?

A

-pressure ulcers
-compartment syndrome

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3
Q

what are the 6 Ps of a n/v assessment

A

pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulse, paralysis, poikilothermia

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4
Q

what are causes of compartment syndrome?

A

-trauma
-fracture
-severely bruised muscle
-severe pain
-cast/bandage

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5
Q

what happens in compartment syndrome?

A

-fascia covers muscle (doesn’t expand)
-swelling occurs with nowhere to go
-increased BP, bloodflow compromised
-worst case = ischemia / limb death

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6
Q

what is pain disproportionate to injury and n/t to extremity usually a sign of?

A

compartment syndrome

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7
Q

is compartment syndrome relieved with analgesics?

A

no

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8
Q

what are interventions for compartment syndrome?

A

-remove cast
-fasciotomy

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9
Q

can an immobilized fracture hurt?

A

it shouldn’t

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10
Q

what is a bone infection that is a complication of a fracture?

A

osteomyelitis

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11
Q

what are causes of osteomyelitis

A

-bloodstream (often staph)
-nearby tissue infection
-open fracture (ORIF)
-complicated DM
-immunocompromised / poor circulation

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12
Q

how will a client present with osteomyelitis present?

A

-asymptomatic
-VS changes
-swelling, warmth, redness
-pain
-fatigue

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13
Q

lab tests for osteomyelitis

A

-CT/MRI!!!! (definitive)
-CBC & blood cultures
-ESR

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14
Q

what meds can help osteomyelitis

A

-strong IV antibiotics
-oral antibiotics
(long term (3-6 weeks for both))

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15
Q

what acute interventions can be done for osteomyelitis

A

-surgery (removal of dead bone)
-ORIF reversal / treatment
-strong IV antibiotics

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16
Q

what are complications of osteomyelitis?

A

-avascular necrosis
-amputation
-sepsis -> death

17
Q

what is when surgical pins are inserted through skin to bone to hold proper alignemnt?

A

external fixation

18
Q

what are indications of external fixation

A

-fractures with soft tissue damage / wounds
-complicated fractures

19
Q

what are benefits of external fixation?

A

-immediate stabilization
-minimize blood loss
-increased comfort
-improved wound care
-early mobilization

20
Q

what are complications of external fixation

A

-pin loosening
-infection / osteomyelitis
-compartment syndrome

21
Q

what are the steps of pin cleaning for external fixation

A

-gather supplies and wash hands
-gently massage skin so it moves
-directly clean with swab (half saline half peroxide) @ pin site in circular motion
-dry site with dry swab
-clean pins with swabs or gauze
-wrap gauze loosely around site
-gently press down
-clean entire fixator and dry

22
Q

what is short term fx management to decrease spasms/pain, maintain alignment, and correct/prevent deformity

A

skeletal traction

23
Q

what is used to immobilize a fracture with soft tissue damage / wounds

A

skeletal traction

24
Q

explain traction/countertraction in skeletal traction

A

pts weight is countertraction and the weight is traction, the pulling reduces muscle spasms

25
Q

what is important to consider while a patient has skeletal traction?

A

-pain control
-prevent skin breakdown (can’t turn)
-prevent shearing
-pin care
-DONT REMOVE WEIGHT

26
Q

what are some complications of skeletal traction

A

-atelectasis/pneumonia
-constipation
-anorexia
-infection
-VTE
-CAUTI

27
Q

what kind of skin traction is sued most frequently?

A

Buck’s (lower leg)

28
Q

what is short-term stabilization without pins/wires, with weights attached by velcro, tape, straps, boots, or cuffs

A

skin traction : Buck’s

29
Q

what is the weight tolerance of skin?

A

4.5-8 lbs per extremity

30
Q

what are indications of orthopedic surgery?

A

-unstable fracture
-deformity
-joint disease
-necrotic or infected tissue/tumors
-amputation

31
Q

what are the goals of orthopedic surgery

A

-improve function
-restore motion
-improve QOL

32
Q

what are complications of orthopedic surgery

A

-blood loss (up to 1500 ml)
-acute post-op bleeding
-post op anemia
-infection

33
Q

what are the most common ortho surgeries

A

hip& knee

34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ortho surgery

A

remove bad and replace with new

35
Q

IV antibiotics are given ____ prior to an incision for ortho surgery

A

60 mins

36
Q

what is sued to help after a hip surgery

A

abductor pillow

Adults (35 decks)

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