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A Basic Immunology > P1 - Immunological concepts, Immune system > Flashcards

P1 - Immunological concepts, Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the immune system

A

Recognition
=> immune response
=> elimination, immunotolerance, ignorance

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2
Q

2 hyperfunction disease of immune system

A

autoimmunity, hypersensitivity

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3
Q

1 hyporfunction disease of immune system

A

immune deficiency cancer

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4
Q

3 Therapeutic approaches for immune diseases

A

increase - vaccination
inhibition - transplantation
immune modulation - desenzitization

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5
Q

PARTICIPANTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
-> What is the BIOLOGICAL APPROACH?

A
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6
Q

What are the 3 types of recognition?

A
  1. PAMP recognition
  2. Native antigen recognition
  3. Processed antigen recognition
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7
Q

4 Main features of adaptive immune response

A
  1. Specificity - The answer is specific to the recognized molecule
  2. Sensitivity - A very low amount of the specific molecule is enough to trigger an immune response
  3. Memory
  4. Selectivity- There is a wide range of preformed receptors, and the cell clone that has the most appropriate receptor for a particular molecule (antigen) is selected
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8
Q

What is Antigen determinant (epitope)?

A

the part of an antigen that is recognized by the specific antigen receptors (TCR or BCR)

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9
Q

Can 1 antigen have several epitopes?

A

Yes, One antigen has several epitopes

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10
Q

Is Hapten immunogenic?

A

No

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11
Q

Is it immunogenic? Why?

A

Yes, because it has happen + carrier

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of epitopes?

A

Linear and conformational

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13
Q

What is hematopoiesis

A

Production of immune cells

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14
Q

How is hematopoiesis occur in BONE MARROW?

A
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15
Q

3 Features of immune cells

A
  • Dynamic cell composition
  • Differentiation
  • Morphological and functional categories
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16
Q

Where does Production of immune cells occur?

A

in primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus)

17
Q

Where does Differentiation of immune cells occur?

A
  1. in peripheral lymphoid organs ( lymph nodes, spleen, skin, mucosa associated lymphoid tissues)
  2. at the place of immune response
18
Q

What is Immunophenotyping?

A

specific labeling of cell surface (or intracellular) proteins to identify a cell population. The specificity of this staining is guaranteed by antigen- antibody reaction. (see FACS presentation)

19
Q

How does Immunophenotyping work?

A
  1. Identification of leukocyte subpopulations
  2. Detection of the functional and maturation state of leukocytes
20
Q

What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations

A

CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins

21
Q

What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations

A

CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins

22
Q

Recognition of antigens is based on ___.

A

ENCOUNTER

23
Q

____have to arrive to invading antigens.

A

Antigen-specific lymphocytes

24
Q

WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION?

A
  1. Humoral immune response: antibody mediated immune response
  2. Cell-mediated immune response: cells are the effectors
25
Q

CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION
-> What is happening here?

A
26
Q

How do we employ immunological toolbar in diagnostics and therapy?

A
  • IN DIAGNOSTICS: diagnostical antibodies; complement molecules…
  • IN THERAPY: therapeutical antibodies, cytokines, dendritic cells…
27
Q

5 Basic laboratory tests of the immune cells

A
  1. Complete blood count with differential
  2. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow smear
  3. Cytochemical reactions
  4. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry
  5. Cytogenetics, molecular genetics (See in Genetics and genomics)
28
Q

What is the aim of Complete blood count?

A

1) Presence or absence of blood cell types
2) Ratio of cell types
3) Aberrant cell types

29
Q

What is characteristics of Flow cytometry?

A

distribution by the size and granularity of granulocytes

30
Q

Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)

A
31
Q

Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)

A

A Basic Immunology (3 decks)

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