Ch. 7 Lecture Notes

Question 1

What is a membrane mainly composed of?

Answer 1

phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

What happens to bilayers in water?

Answer 2

self assembling in water

Question 3

Two things Phospholipids are permeable to.

Answer 3

Hydrophobic molecules
Small molecules (including water

Question 4

Two things phospholipids are impermeable to

Answer 4

Large molecules
ions

Question 5

What two ways are the phospholipids held in the membrane?

Answer 5

1. Their hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature
2. Attachment to cytoskeleton

Question 6

5 Functions of the membrane proteins

Answer 6

1.Emzymes
2. Carry signals
3. Transport
4. Cell recognition
5. Attach membrane to cytoskeleton

Question 7

What is a way of Passive transport

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

_____ across a membrane - only occurs
from an area of high to an area of low
concentration.
Does not require energy from the cell

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

What does the rate of transport during diffusion depend on?

Answer 9

1. Temperature
   2.Concentration gradient
   3.The ability to pass through the membrane

Question 10

How do materials not permeable to phospholipids pass through proteins?

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion

Question 11

How does water pass through the membrane?

Answer 11

Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

What prevents the passage of water across most biological membranes?

Answer 12

Cholesterols

Question 13

What allows for the diffusion of water

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

Water move from an area of:
a) high to low solute
b) low to high solute

Answer 14

b

Question 15

Term used to describe same salt concentration

Answer 15

Isotonic

Question 16

Term used to describe a solution with a lower salt concentration

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

Term used to describe a solution with a higher salt concentration

Answer 17

Hypertonic

Question 18

Organisms with cell walls can use what, to give them structure and movement?

Answer 18

Water pressure

Question 19

What type of transport requires energy

Answer 19

Active transport

Question 20

What type of energy does active transport require?

Answer 20

Potential

Question 21

What are the 4 forms of energy important to living things

Answer 21

1. Heat
   2.Kinetic
   3.Potential
   4.Light

Question 22

3 Uses of Energy released from chemical reactions (from bonds)

Answer 22

1.Change the shape of proteins
2.Move molecules
3.Create new bonds

Question 23

Compound consisting of Adenine, Ribose and a phosphate group

Answer 23

Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP)

Question 24

What is released when ATP becomes ADP

Answer 24

Phosphate + Energy

Question 25

What is added to turn ADP into ATP

Answer 25

Phosphate + Energy

Question 26

Two types of active transport

Answer 26

1.Transport against a concentration gradient
2.Transport of impermeable substances

Question 27

How are the two types of active transport accomplished

Answer 27

Membrane bound proteins

Question 28

What acts as a short term energy storage and transport unit?

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

Two processes used to bring large molecules into and out of the cell

Answer 29

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 30

Cells in exocytosis have what surrounding them?

Answer 30

Golgi bodies