1.2.4 Types of Programming Language

Question 1

Name the 2 categories that programming paradigms can be split into.

Answer 1

Imperative
Declarative

Question 2

What are imperative programming paradigms?

Answer 2

Code that clearly specifies actions to be performed

Question 3

Name the 2 imperative programming paradigms.

Answer 3

Procedural
Object-oriented

Question 4

What are the features of a procedural programming paradigm?

Answer 4

Can be applied to a wide range of problems
Easy to write and interpret
Written as a sequence of instructions
Instructions are carried out sequentially

Question 5

What are the features of a object-oriented programming paradigm?

Answer 5

Suited to problems that can be broken into reusable components with simillar characteristics
Based on objects formed from classes which have attributes and methods

Question 6

What are declarative programming paradigms?

Answer 6

States the desired result and programming language determines how best to obtain the result
Details about how result is obtained are abstracted from user

Question 7

Name the 2 declarative programming paradigms.

Answer 7

Functional
Logic

Question 8

What is the disadvantage of procedural language?

Answer 8

Not possible to solve all problems or may be inefficient to do so

Question 9

Name the 4 main programming structures of procedural programming.

Answer 9

Sequence
Selection
Iteration
Recursion

Question 10

What is assembly language?

Answer 10

Low level language of mnemonics with a one-to-one relationship to machine code

Question 11

What is the function of ADD?

Answer 11

Adds the value at the given memory address to the value in the accumulator

Question 12

What is the function of SUB?

Answer 12

Subtracts the value at the given memory address to the value in the accumulator

Question 13

What is the function of STA?

Answer 13

Stores the value in the accumulator at the given memory address

Question 14

What is the function of LDA?

Answer 14

Loads the value at the given memory address into the accumulator

Question 15

What is the function of INP?

Answer 15

Allows the user to input a value which will be held in the accumulator

Question 16

What is the function of OUT?

Answer 16

Prints the value currently held in the accumulator

Question 17

What is the function of HLT?

Answer 17

Stops the program at that line, preventing any remaining code from executing

Question 18

What is the function of DAT?

Answer 18

Creates a flag with a label at which data is stored

Question 19

What is the function of BRZ?

Answer 19

Branches to the given address if the value in the accumulator is zero

Question 20

What is the function of BRP?

Answer 20

Branches to a given address if the value in the accumulator is positive

Question 21

What is the function of BRA?

Answer 21

Branches to a given address no matter the value in the accumulator

Question 22

How are machine code instructions formed?

Answer 22

Opcode
Operand

Question 23

What is opcode?

Answer 23

Specifies the instruction to be performed & the addressing mode

Question 24

What is operand?

Answer 24

A value related to the data on which the instruction is to be performed

Question 25

What does the addessing mode in the opcode specify?

Answer 25

How the operand should be interpreted

Question 26

Name the 4 modes of addressing.

Answer 26

Immediate addressing Direct addressing Indirect addressing Indexed addressing

Question 27

What is immediate addressing?

Answer 27

The operand is the actual value upon which the instruction is to be performed

Question 28

What is direct addressing?

Answer 28

The operand gives the address which holds the value upon which the instruction is to be performed

Question 29

What is indirect addressing?

Answer 29

The operand gives the address of a register which holds the address of the value upon which the instruction is to be performed

Question 30

What is indexed addressing?

Answer 30

An index register stores a value The address of the value upon which the instruction is to be performed is determined by adding the operand to the index register

Question 31

What is a class?

Answer 31

A template for an object which defines its state and behaviour

Question 32

What are the attributes of an object?

Answer 32

Gives an object's properties

Question 33

What are the methods of an object?

Answer 33

Describe the actions it can perform

Question 34

What is an object?

Answer 34

An instance of a class

Question 35

What is a setter?

Answer 35

A method that sets the value of a given attribute

Question 36

What is a getter?

Answer 36

A method that retrieves the value of a given attribute

Question 37

What is encapsulation?

Answer 37

Using getters and setters to ensure attributes of a class cannot be directly accessed/edited but can only be altered by public methods

Question 38

What is inheritance?

Answer 38

Process in which subclass inherits all methods & attributes of a superclass

Question 39

Why is polymorphism?

Answer 39

Enables objects to behave differently depending on their class

Question 40

What is meant by overloading in polymorphism?

Answer 40

Passing different parameters into a method

Question 41

What is meant by overriding in polymorphism?

Answer 41

Redefining a method so that it functions differently to produce a different output

Question 42

What are three advantages of OOP?

Answer 42

High level of re usability Code made more reliable through encapsulation Makes code easy to maintain and update

Question 43

What is a disadvantage of OOP?

Answer 43

Not suited to all problem types