1.2.4 Types of Programming Techniques

Question 1

What is a programming paradigm?

Answer 1

• To describe an example of a pattern
• To describe an example of a way of doing things

Question 2

Machine code (4)

Answer 2

• Least abstract
• Closest to what happens on a computer
• Programs directly in 1s and 0s
• These translate into matching electrical signals e.g. 1 for high voltage and 0 for lo

Question 3

Assembly language (4)

Answer 3

• Low level language that uses short code (mnemonics)
• Each mnemonic matches a specific sequence of 1s and 0s
• One-to-one relationship
• Written in assembly language and translated by a specific assembler

Question 4

High Level language

Answer 4

• Written in the language that is designed to be easily understood by humans
• Uses syntax that is similar to human language to form instructions
• Must be translated into machine code before it can be run (compilation)

Question 5

Features of procedural languages

Answer 5

• Focus on telling a computer exactly what to do by way of step-by-step instructions
• Lay code as a series of statements (SSI)
• Code is developed in a modular way using functions and procedures

Question 6

Features of procedural languages

Answer 6

• Pre defined functions
• Local variables
• Global variables
• Parameter passing
• Modularity
• Procedures
• Library

Question 7

What are pre defined functions?

Answer 7

Functions pre-written within a programming language

Question 8

What are local variables?

Answer 8

A variable that can only be accessed within the specific function or procedure it was declared in

Question 9

What are global variables?

Answer 9

A variable that can be accessed throughout the whole program and used by all modules

Question 10

What is parameter passing?

Answer 10

Allows variable values to be passed into procedures and functions for use in those blocks of code

Question 11

What is modularity?

Answer 11

The concept of separating the functionality of a program into individual, interchangeable blocks, each designed to carry out a single task
- These all combine to make a complete program and make the program more readable

Question 12

What is a library?

Answer 12

A collection of pre-built functions and procedures that can be linked and used y a programmer in their own code

Question 13

LMC: ADD

Answer 13

Add

Question 14

LMC: SUB

Answer 14

Subtract

Question 15

LMC: STA

Answer 15

Store

Question 16

LMC: LDA

Answer 16

Load

Question 17

LMC: BRA

Answer 17

Branch always

Question 18

LMC: BRZ

Answer 18

Branch if zero

Question 19

LMC: BRP

Answer 19

Branch if positive

Question 20

LMC: INP

Answer 20

Input

Question 21

LMC: OUT

Answer 21

Output

Question 22

LMC: HLT

Answer 22

End program

Question 23

LMC: DAT

Answer 23

Data location

Question 24

Different modes of addressing memory

Answer 24

• Immediate addressing
• Direct addressing
• Indirect addressing
• Indexed addressing

Question 25

What is the opcode?

Answer 25

Part of the instruction that specifies which operation the processor should perform

Question 26

What is the operand?

Answer 26

The pieces of data for the opcode to act on

Question 27

What is immediate addressing?

Answer 27

- The operand specifies a values which will be used in the operation

Question 28

What is direct addressing?

Answer 28

- The operand specifies the address of a memory location - Contents of this memory location will be used in the operation

Question 29

What is indirect addressing?

Answer 29

- The operand specifies the address of a memory location which holds the address if another memory location - Contents of the second location will be used in the operation

Question 30

What is indexed addressing?

Answer 30

- Operand specifies the address of a memory location - Contents of the index register will be added to the address to determine a second address - Contents of the second location will be used in the operation