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PTD Jessica > Chapter 2 J: Dental Amalgam > Flashcards

Chapter 2 J: Dental Amalgam Flashcards

1
Q

Amalgam is

A

An alloy in which mercury appears as a main constituent

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2
Q

Dental amalgam is

A

Alloy of mercury with silver, tin and varying amounts of copper, zinc, and other minor constituents

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3
Q

Match the finding with the year XVII C:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

D

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4
Q

Match the finding with the year XIX C:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

F

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5
Q

Match the finding with the year 1833:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

A

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6
Q

Match the finding with the year 1855:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

E

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7
Q

Match the finding with the year 1908:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

B

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8
Q

Match the finding with the year 50’s:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

G

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9
Q

Match the finding with the year 60’s:
A: Crawcour brothers crushed silver coins with mercury
B: G.V Black recommended Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn alloys, and this new alloy was accepted as an obturation material
C: high copper amalgams were introduced, less corrosion and less fractures
D: amalgam was introduced into dentistry
E: towsend added Tin to the mixture improving the mechanical properties
F: Ag introduced into amalgam (pate d’argent)
G: ADA specified percentages of the amalgam components

A

C

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10
Q

Percentage of silver according to the ADA in the 50’s?

A

≥ 65

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11
Q

Percentage of tin according to the ADA in the 50’s?

A

≤29

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12
Q

Percentage of copper according to the ADA in the 50’s?

A

≤6

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13
Q

Percentage of mercury according to the ADA in the 50’s?

A

3

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14
Q

Percentage of zinc according to the ADA in the 50’s?

A

≤2

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15
Q

The two types of amalgam are:

A

Conventional and high copper

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16
Q

The percentage of copper in conventional amalgam is ?

A

0-6%

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17
Q

The percentage of copper in high copper amalgam is?

A

11-22%

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18
Q

Properties of silver include:

A
  • increases resistance, strength, and setting expansion
  • reduces shrinkage and setting time
  • an excessive amount of Ag can lead to an excessive expansion of the material
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19
Q

What happens to amalgam when it sets in comparison to composite?

A

Amalgam expands while composite contracts

20
Q

Properties of tin include:

A
  • reduces strength, hardness, and setting expansion
  • increases setting time
21
Q

Properties of copper include:

A
  • improves hardness and resistance
  • reduces tarnish and corrosion
  • less fractures and less corrosion
22
Q

Properties of zinc include:

A
  • its presence is not essential
  • improves the color, cleaner aspect
  • contaminated with moisture, dissociating H20 into H and O, liberating H as bubbles (secondary expansion)
23
Q

Properties of mercury include:

A

Gives the plastic consistency when mixed with other solid crushed metals

24
Q

Is amalgam soluble or insoluble in the oral cavity?

A

Insoluble

25
Q

Corrosion helps in

A

Cavity sealing

26
Q

Which type of amalgam has higher corrosion?

A

Conventional amalgam

27
Q

What gives the amalgam a blackish and shine-less aspect?

A

Corrosion

28
Q

Is there adhesion or chemical retention with amalgam?

A

No

29
Q

When does amalgam suffer dimensional changes?

A

Within the first year when it becomes stable

30
Q

An excess of silver or mercury leads to:

A

Expansion

31
Q

An excess of tin leads to:

A

Shrinkage

32
Q

How does amalgam adaption improve over time?

A

With corrosion and secondary expansion

33
Q

One of the best advantages of amalgam is:

A

It’s resistance to compression and the greatest compressive resistance is after 24hrs

34
Q

It’s resistance to traction is ___ of the compressive resistance

A

A fifth

35
Q

What happens if amalgam exceeds the cavosurface margin?

A

A wedge is formed and easily fractured leading to secondary caries

36
Q

How is deformation measured? And what’s the value of deformation of amalgam?

A

Creep: deformation suffered by a viscoelastic material when it is being subjected to tensions under its elastic threshold

3%

37
Q

Which type of amalgam has higher creeps leading to worse results?

A

Conventional amalgam

38
Q

What has a better thermal and electrical conductivity (dental tissues/structures or amalgam)?

A

Amalgam

39
Q

Amalgam is ___ times a better thermal conductor than dentin and ___ times better conductor than enamel which makes its highly sensitive to thermal changes

A

36, 25

40
Q

Galvanism is defined as:

A

When two or more of dissimilar metals in dental restorations which are bathed in saliva or a single metal in contact with two electrolytes such as saliva and pulp fluid tissue produces an electric current.

can affect the pulp if done continuously

41
Q

Amalgam has the highest toxicity when?

A
  • polishing without water
  • when removing old amalgam fillings
  • high inhalation when recently mixed
42
Q

When do we polish?

A

After 24 hours

43
Q

Biggest disadvantages of amalgam are?

A

Aesthetics and toxicity

44
Q

The advantages of amalgam are;

A
  • resistance to occlusal forces
  • marginal sealing gets better with time
  • not very exigent in its application technique
45
Q

What kind of walls do we need for amalgam?

A

Convergent

46
Q

What happens after 20 minutes ?

A

Primary contraction

47
Q

What happens after contraction ?

A

Crystallisation

PTD Jessica (7 decks)

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