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NUE 325: Pathopharm I > Stress and Steroids > Flashcards

Stress and Steroids Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

ideal set point where body’s balance is achieved

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2
Q

allostasis

A

dynamic process that helps the body go back to the set point –>back to homeostasis
- process of attaining and maintaining stability through change when leads to adaptations
- altering multiple physiological variables to match demands

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3
Q

stress

A

internal or external alterations in our environment that produces tension
- prolonged stress can cause physical and physiological problems
- physical, psychological, chemical

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4
Q

eustress

A

positive rxn from the body
- makes us feel motivated and inc conc

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5
Q

distress

A

negative rxn that causes anxiety
- dec conc/performance long term or short term

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6
Q

stressor

A

actual fore exerted
- taking exam
- infection

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7
Q

coping mechanisms

A

ways in which stress is managed or our bodies are adapted to
- allow ind to withstand stressor
- helps to resolve the situation and feelings associated

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8
Q

influences of stress

A
  • genetics
  • culture
  • prior experiences/env
  • pre existing health status
  • allostatic state
  • ability to manage stress
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9
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

body’s natural response to a stressor that involves
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion

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10
Q

alarm

A

initial state of arousal that is the body’s initial defense system
- fight or flight response

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11
Q

alarm fight or flight response

A

sympathetic nervous system
- adrenergic response
hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

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12
Q

adrenergic response

A

hypothalamus releasing CRH activates SNS which stimulates release of epi and norepi

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13
Q

HPA axis

A

CRH stimulates ant pituitary to secrete ACTH which stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids
- glucocorticoid is cortisol

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14
Q

catecholamines

A

norepinephrine
epinephrine

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15
Q

norepinephrine

A

constricts smooth muscles
dilates pupils
dec gastric secretion
inc glucose (pancreas)

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16
Q

epinephrine

A

inc heart contractibility
inc venous return
inc cardiac output
relaxes smooth muscle (in lungs)
dilates airways
inc glucose and dec insulin

17
Q

glucocorticoid

A

cortisol
- inc blood pressure, cardiac output
- dec reproductive hormones
- inc amino acids
- atrophy of lymph tissue
- limited inc in WBC

18
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

aldosterone
- works on kidneys
- absorbs Na –> promotes water excretion
- excrete K and H

19
Q

glucocorticoids promote

A

synthesis of epinephrine

20
Q

catecholamines and glucocortiocds work…

A

together in the brain to develop memory
- teaches brain how to respond to stress

21
Q

resistance

A

continued hormone and catecholamine release
- continued counteracting of effects of continued stress
- limited supply
- when stressor is removed, cholinergic response takes over and body relaxes (parasympathetic)

22
Q

exhaustion

A

chronic state of stress that has negative impacts on physical and mental well being
- immunosuppression from cortisol, dec WBC, atrophy of thalamus, dec T cells
- excessive catecholamine response

23
Q

allostasis, allostatic load and overload

A

allostasis: short term adaptation to stressor, survival
allostatic load: chronic stress, long term dysregulation
allostatic overload: exhaustion, stress induced disease or disorder

24
Q

allostatic overload results in

A
  • hair loss
  • tension
  • mouth sores
  • asthma
  • palpations
  • tics
  • digestive orders
  • irritable bowel
  • acne
  • irregular periods
  • impotence
  • sleep disturbances
25
Q

sleep deprivation

A
  • irritability and moodiness
  • apathy
  • impaired memory
  • poor judgement
  • hallucinations
26
Q

stress can lead to what diseases

A
  • coronary artery disease
  • HTN
  • stroke
  • tension headaches
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • autoimmune disease
  • IBS
  • ulcers
  • sexual disorders
  • TII DM
27
Q

overproduction of stress hormones

A
  • affects memory
  • major depressive disorder
  • immunosuppression (inc risk of infection, autoimmune, dec healing, prolong infection)
28
Q

cortisol effects on carb and glucose metabolism

A
  • opposite of insulin
  • glucose to the brain
  • gluconeogenesis
  • dec peripheral glucose utilization
  • inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose
  • promote glucose storage
29
Q

cortisol and protein metabolism

A

muscle wasting
break down of muscle, adipose tissue, skin and bones

30
Q

cortisol and fat redistribution

A

lipolysis of extremities
lipogenesis of face and trunk

31
Q

in exhaustion the body can never

A

achieve homeostasis
- hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex
- atrophy of lymphatic tissue
- bleeding ulcers

32
Q

replacement of steroids can be

A

actual or pseudo insufficient

33
Q

steroids have

A

anti inflammatory properties and are immunosuppressive

34
Q

steroids used to treat

A

allergies
asthma
COPD exacerbation
chronic inflammatory bowel
rheumatoid arthrisis
post transplant

35
Q

steroid replacement general

A

mimic physiological levels
- glucocort are essential
- must inc dose in times of stress

36
Q

steroid replacement glucocort

A

alternate day therapy and give before 9 am
- mimics burst at 9 am
- traditional dosing is multiple and small

37
Q

steroids replacement mineralcort

A

once per day dosing
frequently do not need to replace

NUE 325: Pathopharm I (23 decks)

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