essay prep - task 1 Flashcards
Define viticulture
the cultivation and harvesting of grapes
What are two envriomental impacts of viticulture?
- Organic practices
- Terracing
What are two social impacts of viticulture?
- Impact on health
- Labour Exploitation
What are two economic impacts of viticulture?
- Wine tourisum
- Provision of infustructure
Give a case study for orgainc practices?
During field work at the Hunter Valley Tamburlaine Organic Winery students learned about organic and sustainable practices implemented by the economic enterprise to lessen the environmental impact. In the past chemical farming was a popular method within the industry that left long term negative impacts on the environment, shifting in 2016 towards organic practices. Reflected in the shift from chemical farming to combat growth of a disease within the vines instead using chamomile as a botrytis (fungus) spray because it dries out the spores of the plant, leading to a reduction in chemical waste in the environment.
Give a case study for terracing
Yealands Terracing
Rainwater saturation of the ground
- This happens when terracing retains too much water, which is absorbed into the ground. The problem with ground saturation is that it can lead to water overflow during periods of heavy rains.
- Unmaintained terraces can lead to mudslides, the creation of deep gullies and increased soil erosion, particularly in sandy soils or on extremely steep terrains. Terracing also has been shown to reduce soil quality via the leaching of important nutrients from the soil in some areas.
- Permanently destroying the geological structure of the site
Outline the impact viticulture can have on health?
positive and negative
Positive:
- Polyphenols in red wine can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and cancer
- This encourages the drinking of red wine in preference to white wines and beer.
Negative:
Whilst red wine is seen as beneficial, there is a concern about binge drinking.
There is an epidemic of binge drinking among teenagers.
This can be attributed to young people from affluent families drinking at an earlier age and also the general community acceptance of alcohol and health reports about the benefits of wine consumption.
French government surveys show the number of French teens who drink heavily is on the rise with researchers saying these events are reflected in the growing problem of binge drinking among French teens. The head of France’s alcohol and addiction office Bertrand Nalps says approximately 20% of French 17 year olds are drunk at least three times a month despite recent tightening in legislations prohibiting individuals under the age of 18 to purchase alcohol. This statistic is the reflection of children first being exposed to wine at the age of 12 within the home environment. While widely normalised within old world communities due to the positive benefits it has led to youths not being educated on the dangers surrounding mass wine consumption on a regular basis leading to the increase of binge drinking within France’s teenage population.
Give a case study for viticultures impact on health
French government surveys show the number of French teens who drink heavily is on the rise with researchers saying these events are reflected in the growing problem of binge drinking among French teens.
The head of France’s alcohol and addiction office Bertrand Nalps says approximately 20% of French 17 year olds are drunk at least three times a month despite recent tightening in legislations prohibiting individuals under the age of 18 to purchase alcohol.
This statistic is the reflection of children first being exposed to wine at the age of 12 within the home environment. While widely normalised within old world communities due to the positive benefits it has led to youths not being educated on the dangers surrounding mass wine consumption on a regular basis leading to the increase of binge drinking within France’s teenage population.
Who is the head of France’s alcohol and addiction office?
Bertrand Nalp
What % of 17 year olds are drunk at least three times a month despite recent tightening in legislations prohibiting individuals under the age of 18 to purchase alcohol
20%
Define labour exploitation
occures when a worker or group of workers at an enterpriese are mistreated in a way that violates laws and/or ethical work practices
Give two examples/case studies of labour exploitation in old world countries
Human Rights Impact Assessment of Systembolaget’s Italian Wine Supply Chains Report ahows The FLAI-CGIL trade union estimates that 400,000 workers in the sector are at risk of exploitation, of which 80% are migrants.
In 2018 six people and three companies face trial in France accused of exploiting migrants to harvest grapes for major winemakers in the Champagne region. The workers described hunger, hard days of labour, sometimes without pay and without a contract demonstraiting a direct violation of laws and ethical work place practices.
Give statistics/case study for wine tourisum
With 8.4 million people visiting wineries in the last financial year, spending a total of $9.6bn on their trips overall
The highest percentage of visitors who went to wineries in the area was the Barossa Vally, with 41% of total visits including at least one trip to a winery.
One winery that knows this well is Chateau Tanunda, the site of some of the Barossa’s earliest vines and wines. Boosting tourism is done through many avenues at Chateau Tanunda, including social media, partnerships with local tourism operators, participation in local guides and events, and trade shows generating more economic revenue.
A $31 million development at Chateau Tanunda, featuring a five-star hotel and cultural centre, would boost tourism in the region and create more economic revenue for Australia from the industry.
Grape growing, winemaking and wine-related tourism contributes $45.5 billion to the Australian economy
Ouline the role of viticulture on provistion of infastructure
Infrastructure is the basic physical and organisational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
The Australian government receives part of the wine export income through company taxes (28.5% of company profits).
Therefore, the growth of the Australian wine industry means higher company tax receipts for the Federal government. Some of this extra tax revenue will be used to build new infrastructure such as roads, hospitals and schools.
How many people visited winerisies in the last finacial year and how much did they spend during their trip overall?
With 8.4 million people visiting wineries in the last financial year, spending a total of $9.6bn on their trips overall
