Module 05: Intervention & Prevention Strategies

Question 1

grassroots

Answer 1

Individuals at the ground level of a community group or an organization are brought into key roles in intervention design and planning.

Question 2

secondary prevention

Answer 2

Early intervention that decreases the prevalence.

Question 3

indicated prevention

Answer 3

Programming that targets people who have detectable signs of maladjustment that foreshadow more significant mental disorders or who have biological markers that are linked to disorder.

Question 4

participants

Answer 4

A pool of people that are volunteering or being paid to participate in a study.

Question 5

incidence

Answer 5

The number of new cases during a specified period of time.

Question 6

implementation

Answer 6

Sequence of actions that goes from the planned on paper to actions in natural community contexts. Good implementation depends on the skills of the community psychologists involved and the degree of community readiness.

Question 7

dissemination

Answer 7

The deliberate sharing of research findings to groups and communities that would benefit from said findings.

Question 8

primary prevention

Answer 8

Interventions designed to prevent the onset or future incidence of a specific problem.

Question 9

innovations

Answer 9

New knowledge or information such as programs or policies that could be useful to prevention efforts in the field.

Question 10

community intervention

Answer 10

Prevention or promotion programs that aim to promote behavioral change in defined community contexts to address social problems.

Question 11

empowerment

Answer 11

The process of gaining power emerging at the individual, organizational, community, and societal levels, which are affected by peoples’ previous experiences, skills, actions, and context.

Question 12

selective prevention

Answer 12

Programming that targets people who are at high risk for the development of a disorder but do not show any indication of disorder.

Question 13

meta-analysis

Answer 13

A method for statistically summarizing the findings of multiple studies to quantify an average effect and identify possible predictors of variability of outcomes.

Question 14

evaluation

Answer 14

The use of different research methods to understand person-environment interactions and also determine whether community interventions have been successful.

Question 15

community readiness

Answer 15

Degree to which the community is prepared for the behavioral and social changes that are intended by the intervention.

Question 16

empirical analysis

Answer 16

The research whose results fall strictly on observable and verifiable evidence. It can be based on quantitative or qualitative methods.

Question 17

interdisciplinary

Answer 17

Scientists from multiple disciplines work together to try to understand complex social and community problems.

Question 18

oppression

Answer 18

Oppression can be described as the collusion of dehumanization and exploitation.

Question 19

active citizen participation

Answer 19

Assures a higher level of involvement in partnerships involving both community psychologists and community members.

Question 20

prevention

Answer 20

The focus on actions that stop problems before they happen by boosting individual skills as well as by engaging in environmental change.

Question 21

risk factors

Answer 21

Variables that are related to an increased risk for developing a disease or problem.

Question 22

second-order changes

Answer 22

Involves initiating more structural, long term, and sustainable transformational changes.

Question 23

universal prevention

Answer 23

Correlates of primary prevention; targets all the people in a given population.

Question 24

prevalence

Answer 24

The total number of cases in a population.

Question 25

social justice

Answer 25

Involves the fair distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges that provide equal opportunities for education, healthcare, work, and housing.

Question 26

evidence-based

Answer 26

An approach to intervention based on research that systematically demonstrates its effectiveness.

Question 27

effectiveness

Answer 27

Achievement of the results intended by the intervention (it is an indicator that the intervention works properly).

Question 28

promotion

Answer 28

Empowering individuals to increase control of their health through literacy and programming.

Question 29

logic models

Answer 29

A hypothesized description of the process, step by step, of how a prevention or promotion intervention should work.

Question 30

empirical research

Answer 30

The research whose results fall strictly on observable and verifiable evidence. It can be based on quantitative or qualitative methods.

Question 31

protective factors

Answer 31

Variables that are related to a decreased risk for developing a disease or a social problem.

Question 32

dose

Answer 32

Refers to how much of the intervention they do deliver: for example, number of sessions, number of hours, time of application of the program, and so on.

Question 33

ecological perspective

Answer 33

Understanding the relationships between people and their social environments (e.g., families, groups, communities, and societies).

Question 34

advocacy

Answer 34

Advocacy involves active promotion of a cause or principle involving actions that lead to a selected goal.

Question 35

tertiary prevention

Answer 35

Implementing programming after the disorder has occurred.

Question 36

Community Psychology

Answer 36

A field that goes beyond an individual focus and integrates social, cultural, economic, political, environmental, and international influences to promote positive change, health, and empowerment at individual and systemic levels (SCRA27.org).

Question 37

medical model

Answer 37

In psychology, the medical model involves a therapist delivering one-on-one psychotherapy to patients. In medicine, it involves physicians providing treatments for one patient at a time.