Tu - Innovative antibody therapy in multiple myeloma

Question 1

Why is there renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma?

Answer 1

Because the plasma cell does not make an antibody, but instead makes many light chains that deposit in the kidneys. This leads to renal insufficiency.

Question 2

What are the CRAB symptoms for MM? (4)

Answer 2

Hyper calcaemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia, bone lesions

Question 3

What CD does rituximab target?

Answer 3

CD20

Question 4

What CD does daratumumab target?

Answer 4

CD38

Question 5

What are the 4 pathways that monoclonal antibodies bind to malignant cells and affect them? What are their names and their acronyms? (4 for each), explain. IMPORTANT

Answer 5

Activation of natural killer cells (Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) (ADCC)
Activation of macrophages: induction of phagocytosis (Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis = ADCP)
Activation of the complement system: complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)
Direct induction of apoptosis: Apoptosis / growth arrest via targeting of signalling pathways

Question 6

What is the difference between a bispecific antibody and a monoclonal antibody?

Answer 6

Bi has 2 sides to bind. One to bind the MM cell and one to bind the T cell. Monoclonal antibodies have 2 similar binding sites.