red blood cells Flashcards
what is blood composed of
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
what defines blood group
proteins on surface of red blood cells
what forms the non-protein part of haemoglobin? what does it contain
haem, contains iron
what is haemoglobin A composed of
2 alpha globin chains
2 beta globin chains
different types of haemaglobin
haemoglobin A2 - 2 alpha, 2 delta
foetal haemoglobin - 2 alpha 2 gamma
what causes right shift on curve and decreased affinity
increased temperature
increased CO2
increased 2,3DPG
decreased pH
what can go wrong in red cell production
bone marrow failure
problems with globin production (for haemoglobin)
lack of components required for red cells and haem production
lack of stimulus (impaired kidney function)
components required for red blood cells and haem production?
vitamin B12, folate, iron
what is iron required for
haem synthesis
what causes lack of stimulus for production of red blood cells
impaired kidney function
what happens in sickle cell disease
abnormal beta globin gene, red cells change to sickle shape when deoxygenated.
blocks circulation, increased red cell breakdown
what is the name for red cell breakdown/destruction
haemolysis!
example of extrinsic haemolysis? describe
immune mediated haemolysis - inappropriate targeting of red blood cells by the immune system
clinical consequences of anemia
yellowing of eyes, pale/cold/yellow skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, low blood pressure, fatigue/dizziness/fainting, heart palpitations/rapid heart rate/chest pain/angina/heart attack
clinical consequences of anemia
yellowing of eyes, pale/cold/yellow skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, low blood pressure, fatigue/dizziness/fainting, heart palpitations/rapid heart rate/chest pain/angina/heart attack
