Chapter 9 Flashcards
Universal grammar
the set of inborn categories, operations, and principles common to all human languages
babbling
provides children with the opportunity to experiment with and begin to gain control over their vocal apparatus
developmental order
- vowels before consonants
- stops before other consonants
- labials often first. dentals last
syllable deletion
stressed syllables more likely to be retained in children’s pronunciation than unstressed
syllable simplification
the systematic deletion of certain sounds in order to simplify syllable structure (consonant cluster reduction; consonant deletion)
substitution
the systematic replacement of one sound by an alternative that the child finds easier to articulate
Examples: stopping, fronting, gliding, denasalization
stopping
the replacement of a fricative by a corresponding stop
fronting
the moving forward of a sound’s place of articulation
gliding
the replacement of a liquid by a glide
denasalization
the replacement of a nasal stop by a nonnasal stop
assimilation
the modification of one or more features of a segment under the influence of neighboring sounds
meaning errors
overextension and underextension
overextension
the meaning of the child’s word is more general or inclusive than that of the corresponding adult form
underextension
the use of lexical items in an overly restrictive fashion. Kitty may be used to refer to the family cat and not other ones.
innovative compounds
building words from other words
