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Sociology > Chapter 14-Economy & Politics > Flashcards

Chapter 14-Economy & Politics Flashcards

1
Q

Economy

A

Social institution dedicated to production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, depend on it to coordinate and provide for our wants and needs, reflects and reinforces core values, not static

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2
Q

Types of economic systems

A

Capitalism
Laissez-faire

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3
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system in which owners of private property compete in the marketplace in pursuit of profits

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4
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Allow everyone to compete freely in capitalist marketplace without governmental interaction

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5
Q

Monopolies

A

Some aspect of the market become controlled by a single business

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6
Q

Socialism

A

Production and distribution in a society are collectively owned

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7
Q

Mixed economies

A

Combines elements of both capitalism and socialism

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8
Q

Primary sector

A

Involves extraction of natural resources from environment

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9
Q

Secondary sector

A

Activities that transform raw/intermediate materials into finished products

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10
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Activities that provide services rather than goods

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11
Q

Deindustrialization

A

Systematic and widespread reduction of investments in domestic manufacturing and material production

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12
Q

Downsizing

A

Organizational restricting to reduce size of companies workforce

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13
Q

Offshoring

A

Outsourcing of work to foreign contractors

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14
Q

Politics

A

Completion between individuals/groups over the allocation of valued resources

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15
Q

Polity

A

Social institution founded on a recognized set of producers for implementing and achieving society’s goals

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16
Q

Monarchy

A

Government headed by a single member of royal family

17
Q

Oligarchy

A

Few individuals rule

18
Q

Dictatorship

A

Government where one person has nearly total power and enforce laws

19
Q

Totalitarianism

A

Virtually complete government control and surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life

20
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the people

21
Q

Representative democracy

A

Citizens elect political leaders to make decisions on behalf of the people

22
Q

Power

A

Ability to exercise ones will over others, even if they resisted

23
Q

Sources of power in political system

A

Force
Authority

24
Q

Force

A

Actual/threatened use of coercion to impose one will on another

25
Q

Authority

A

Power that is recognized as legitimate by the people whom its exercised

26
Q

Weber’s classification system for authority

A

Traditional
Rational-legal
Charismatic

27
Q

Traditional authority

A

Custom and accepted practices

28
Q

Rational-legal authority

A

Power based on formally agreed upon and accepted rules, principles, and procedures of conduct

29
Q

Charismatic authority

A

Power made legitimate by a leaders exceptional personal/emotional appeal to their followers

30
Q

Pluralist model

A

Holds many competing groups within community have access to government, large number of people can participate in or influence governmental interests

31
Q

Elite model

A

Karl Marx believed society is rules by small group of individuals who share common set of political and economic interests

32
Q

Power elite

A

Small group of military, industrial, governed leaders who control the fate of the country

33
Q

War

A

Conflict between organizations that posses trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons

34
Q

Terrorism

A

Use/threat of violence against random/symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims

35
Q

Peace

A

Both absence of war and proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

36
Q

Presumptions on why socialism would succeed capitalism

A

Humans must produce
Production makes us human
Pour ourselves into our products
Economy determines society
Scarcity and distribution are obstacles to good of society

Sociology (15 decks)

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