Diabetes (Cholesterol, BMI, FITT, Hypoglycemia)

Question 1

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing B cells (near absolute insulin deficient).

Question 2

What is one of the main physiological adaptations to Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

High tendency for ketoacidosis. (Liver produces Fat into ketones at a fast rate > causes blood to become acidic)

Question 3

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 3

Insulin secretory defect (Insulin resistant at skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver)

Question 4

What is type 2 diabetes largely associated with?

Answer 4

Excess bodyfat with central adiposity.

Question 5

What is a symptom of Prediabetes?

Answer 5

Elevated blood glucose (BG) in response to dietary CHO. (BG is high but not high enough to type 2 diabetes)

Question 6

What is the most common mortality associated with type 2 diabetes?

Answer 6

Macrovascular complications (65% die of CVD)

Question 7

How is diabetes diagnosed?

Answer 7

HbA1c test: what % of your hemoglobin (RBC O2 carrying protein) is coated with sugar (glycolated).

Question 8

What is a normal HbA1C % and what is considered diabetic?

Answer 8

Normal: < 5.6% / Diabetes Mellitus: > 6.5%

Question 9

What forms of diabetes have rapid onsets?

Answer 9

Type 1 & LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults)

Question 10

Which type of diabetes is most common and highly dependent on family history?

Answer 10

Type 2

Question 11

The longer a patient has a duration of type 2 diabetes, what is most likely to accompany it?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular Disease.

Question 12

What is the primary prevention technique of CVD in diabetes patients?

Answer 12

Lifestyle Management: Increase Physical Activity

Question 13

What is Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?

Answer 13

Diabetes related metabolic or vascular conditions causing capillary damage.

Question 14

What is the ultimate end result of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?

Answer 14

Loss of sensation and circulation and the foot.

Question 15

What is the primary form of treatment for diabetes?

Answer 15

Physical Exercise: exercise can independently increase glucose uptake in the muscle (no insulin needed).

Question 16

What is the FIIT prescription for diabetes patients aerobic activity?

Answer 16

3-7 Days / week, Moderate to Vigorous Intensity, 150 minutes per week.

Question 17

What is the FIIT prescription for diabetes patients Resistance activity?

Answer 17

Minimum of 2 days / week (preferably 3) @ moderate to vigorous intensity. (8-10 exercises)

Question 18

What is the FIIT prescription for diabetes patients flexibility activity?

Answer 18

2-3 days / week, stretching to the point of tightness or slight discomfort (10-30 sec ea.)

Question 19

What are some resistance training outcomes in diabetes patients regarding HbA1C measurements?

Answer 19

1 full % reduction in HBA1C.

Question 20

When should someone with diabetes mellitus monitor their blood sugar around exercise?

Answer 20

Before, During, & After each session.

Question 21

Pre-Exercise, what is an acceptable & optimal blood glucose level?

Answer 21

100-250 mg/dl

Question 22

Pre-Exercise, what is a blood glucose level where you should exercise caution?

Answer 22

> 250 mg/dl

Question 23

When does Delayed Onset Hypoglycemia usually appear?

Answer 23

Generally after higher intensity and/or longer duration exercise & up to 24 hours afterwards (generally 6-12 hours).

Question 24

How many grams of CHO should be compensated for activity to keep blood sugar levels within range during exercise?

Answer 24

15g of CHO every 15 minutes until euglycemic.