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Astronomy > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What can the inner planets be described as

A

Solid and rocky

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2
Q

What can the outer planets be described as

A

Gaseous and liquid

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3
Q

How long ago did the solar system develop

A

4.5 billion years

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4
Q

What are the suns main elements

A

Hydrogen (71%) and helium (27%)

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5
Q

How large is the sun compared to the mass of the rest of the solar system combined

A

700 times

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6
Q

What can the planets orbits be described as

A

Almost circular lying on nearly the same plane

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7
Q

What planets travel counterclockwise

A

Six planets; mercury,earth,mars,Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune

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8
Q

What planet travels clockwise

A

Venus

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9
Q

What planet appears to rotate on its side

A

Uranus

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10
Q

What are the inner planets

A

Mercury, Venus, earth, and mars. They are known as terrestrial planets

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11
Q

What are the outer planets

A

Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune. Also known as Jovian planets. They are gaseous, liquid, or icy

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12
Q

How comparable is the size of Jovian planets next to terrestrial planets

A

They are much larger, and do not have a well defined surface

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13
Q

What are dwarf planets

A

They are a group of planets such as Pluto that fail to fit in either family.

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14
Q

What are asteroids

A

They are rocky or metallic bodies that range from a few km to 1000km across

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15
Q

What are comets

A

They are icy bodies that are about 10km or less and have very long tails of gas and dust as they near the sun

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16
Q

Where are most asteroids found

A

Within the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter

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17
Q

Where are most comets from

A

From a disc like swarm of icy object that lay beyond Neptune called the Kuiper belt

18
Q

Where do most comets orbit the sun from

A

From the Oort Cloud that is 40,000 to 100,000 AU from the sun

19
Q

How do we measure a planets mass

A

Keplers modified third law

20
Q

How do we measure a planets volume

A

We measure it’s radius

21
Q

What is a planets reflection spectrum

A

It is a way to reveal a planets atmospheric contents and the nature of surface rocks

22
Q

Do mercury and Venus have moons

A

No they are moonless

23
Q

What planet has the most moons

A

Jupiter then Saturn and then Uranus

24
Q

How did we determine the age of the solar system

A

Radioactive dating of rocks

25
Q

What is the theory on how the solar system formed

A

The solar nebula hypothesis

26
Q

What is the solar nebula hypothesis

A

It proposes that the solar system evolved from a rotating flat disc of gas and dust called an interstellar cloud

27
Q

How did the solar nebula form

A

A collision with another cloud of nearby exploding star

28
Q

How was the temperature of the solar nebula before planets formed

A

The inner part of the disc was hot, and the outer disk was colder than the freezing point of water

29
Q

What is condensation

A

It is when gas cools below a critical temperature

30
Q

What is the role of condensation in the solar nebula

A

The sun kept anything until Jupiter unable to condense and this helped the planets form

31
Q

What is accretion

A

Tiny particles sticking together by electrical forces into bigger pieces. If they don’t undergo too violent of impacts they become planetesimals

32
Q

What are planetesimals

A

They range from millimeters to kilometers in size, are mainly rocky iron composites in the inner solar nebula while the outer had more icy rocky iron composites

33
Q

How did planetesimals evolve

A

Different ones slowly merged together to form circular orbs that grew in size and began to develop planets

34
Q

Where was planetary growth the fastest

A

The outer solar nebula

35
Q

How were these planetesimals impacted

A

They received continuous bombardment and this he,led internal radioactivity melt the inside and lead to different interiors

36
Q

How did atmospheres form for inner planets

A

From the continuous bombardment by asteroids and comets craters and volcanos started to form on the surface of these planets and the volcanic activity together with their gravity helped form it

37
Q

How did atmospheres form for outer planets

A

They captured their atmosphere from the solar nebula gravitationally

38
Q

Why does mercury and the moon not have an atmosphere

A

Because they are too small and there is not enough gravity to retain gases on their surface

39
Q

What are exoplanets

A

Planets around other nearby stars

40
Q

How do we detect exoplanets

A

The Doppler shift method, gravitational lensing, or the transit method

41
Q

What is gravitational lensing

A

Gravity bends the path of light when it passes near a massive object, we detect this light

42
Q

What is the transit method

A

We detect if there is a dimming of light from the central star at any point

Astronomy (16 decks)

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