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kin 2y03 > muscular system gross anatomy > Flashcards

muscular system gross anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the belly

A

largest part of the muscle between origin and insertion

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2
Q

what is an insertion?

A

muscle end attachment to bone with greatest movement

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3
Q

what is the origin / head?

A

muscle end attachment to more stationary of 2 bones

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4
Q

what are tendons?

A

attach muscles to bones

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5
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

a very broad tendon

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6
Q

what is agonist

A

muscle that causes action when it contracts

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7
Q

what is antagonist

A

a muscle working in opposition to agonist

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8
Q

what is synergist

A

muscles that work together to cause a movement

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of synergists?

A

prime mover: plays a major role in accomplishing movement

fixators: stabilize joints crossed by the primer mover; preventing movement of the origin of the prime mover

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10
Q

what is an example of agonist and antagonist

A

If bicep is contracting and causing flexion at elbow joint = agonist
Antagonist = tricep

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11
Q

head and neck muscles

A

flexion - muscles deep within the neck along anterior margins of vertrbeal bodies

extension - posterior neck muscles attached to occipital bone and mastoid process

rotation and lateral flexion - lateral and posterior groups

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12
Q

prime mover - Sternocleidomastoid

A

Causes forward flexion of head but can only do one side at a time

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13
Q

prime mover - Trapezius

A

Has fiber in many diff directions which dictates the way the muscles contract
Extension and lateral flexion

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14
Q

muscles that move the vertebral column

A

2 groups of muscles (help extend, laterally flex and rotate)

deep group:
from vertebra to vertebra

superficial group:
extend from vertebrae to ribs

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15
Q

what is the erector spinae

A

Prime movers of back extension
3 subgroups that covers different regions throughout the vertebral column

  • made for maintaining posture not stretching –> injured when stretched
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16
Q

why is it important to lift with your legs and not your back?

A

b/c the muscles always contracting = slow twitch fibers => not very strong

When you bend over –> lengthening sarcomere then putting load on the muscles –> not enough overlap in actin and myosin myofil = cant produce much force

=> excessive force = hurt your back

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17
Q

erector spinae muscles allow for which actions?

A

rotation and extension of vertebral column and lateral flexion of torso

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18
Q

thoracic muscles

A

scalenes - elevate first 2 ribs during inspiration

external intercostals - elevate ribs

internal intercostals - depress ribs during expiration

diaphragm - major movements of inspiration. flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity

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19
Q

abdominal wall muscles

A

rectus abdominis -

external abdominal oblique -

internal abdominal oblique -

transverse abdominis

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20
Q

what does the abdominal wall do

A

flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities (compression)

help in expiration, vomiting, defection, urination and birth

crossing muscle patterns adds strength to muscles to support organs

21
Q

scapular movement

A

muscles that attach the upper limb to the body and move or stabalize tthe scapula and clavicle

22
Q

muscles involved with scapular movement

A

trapezius - Elevates, depresses and rotates scapula

levator scapulae - Elevate and rotate scapula

rhombodieus - Pulls scapula towards vertebrae - helps square shoulders/ not hunch

serratus anterior - Holds scapula in place on thoracic cavity
- Boxers muscle b/c helping scapula holding arms in boxing position

pectoralis minor
- Depresses scapula

23
Q

pectoralis major job

A

flexion, adduction and medial rotation (and extension if already flexed)

24
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

extension, adduct and medial rotation

25
Q

deltoid job

A

sits on the cap of shoulder blade and is used for extension, abduction, medial and lateral rotation

26
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuffs

A

subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus

SITS

27
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

hold humerus and glenoid cavity

abduction, adduction and rotation

28
Q

what does the infraspinatus muscle do? and location?

A

pulls humerus towards back and does lateral rotation

belly of muscle found in infraspinous fossa

29
Q

what does the subscapularis muscle do? and location?

A

internal rotation and abduction

Insert on anterior side of humerus

30
Q

what does the supraspinatus muscle do? and location?

A

abduction , pulls bone upwards

Inserts on top portion of humerus

31
Q

what is the teres minor do? and location?

A

adduct, extension and lateral rotation

32
Q

forearm movement - extension is preformed with which muscles

A

triceps brachii
anconeus

33
Q

forearm movement - flexion is preformed with which muscles

A

biceps brachii
brachioradialis
brachialis

34
Q

forearm movement - supination is preformed with which muscles

A

supinator
biceps brachii

35
Q

forearm movement - pronation is preformed with which muscles

A

pronator quadratus
pronator teres

36
Q

what can the muscles on the anterior surface of the forearm do?

A

flexion of wrist, hands and fingers
abduction and adduction of wrist

37
Q

what can the muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm do?

A

extension of wrist, hand and fingers

abduction of wrist

38
Q

where are the thenar and hypothenar intrinsic muscles location and their function?

A

thenar - fleshy group of muscles on thumb side

hypothenar - on pinky side

function:
- Involved in abduction or adduction of hand
- Reposition and opposition of fingers
- Help provide fine motor movement dexterity in hands

39
Q

anterior muscles for thigh movement and their function

A

iliopsoas - posas major + iliacus

hip flexion

40
Q

posterior muscles for thigh movement and their function

A

gluteals and tensor fasiae latae

extension and abduction of thigh and flexsion and stabilize femur

41
Q

what are muscles that help move the leg

A

sartorius = flexes hip and knee, also laterally rotates thigh (sitting cross legged)

medial thigh muscles = adduction

posterior thigh muscle / hamstrings = flexsion of knee and extension of hip

42
Q

what ae the 3 hamstring muscles

A

semitendinosus
bicep femoris
semimembranosus

43
Q

leg movements occur with the __. what are the functions as well

A

quadriceps femoris
- extension at the knee

rectus femoris - also flexes at hip
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis

44
Q

where do all of the quadriceps femoris muscles insert?

A

patellar tendon

patellar ligament extends from patella to tibial tuberosity

45
Q

ankle foot and toes movement - anterior compartment

A

extensors involved in dorsiflexion and eversion/inversion of foot; extension of toes

46
Q

ankle foot and toes movement - lateral compartment

A

planter flexion and eversion

47
Q

ankle foot and toes movement - posterior compartment

A

superficial muscles:
- plantar flexion
- have common tendon insertion = calcaneal tendon (achilles)
- gastrocnemius
- plantaris
- soleus

deep muscles:
- plantar flexion, inversion of foot and flexion of toes

48
Q

eversion vs inversion

A

eversion: Tilting of the foot so the sole faces away from the midline.

inversion: Tilting of the foot so the sole faces into the midline

kin 2y03 (12 decks)

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