Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders

A

Given the insidious onset of schizophrenia and the length of time it takes to effectively treat the disorder, it is helpful to be aware of the phases of illness and recognize that treatment occurs across the continuum of care - health promotion and illness prevention, acute care, community care, and tertiary care, in the context of a multidisciplinary team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions, including delusions and hallucinations
Delusions
Hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Delusions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

reflect a lessening or loss of normal functions, such as restriction or flattening in the range and intensity of emotion, reduced fluency and productivity of thought and speech, withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity, and inability to experience pleasure
- Affective disturbances
- Alogia
- Ambivalence
- Anhedonia
- Avolition
- Apathy
- Social withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Affective flattening or blunting

A

Restriction or flattening in the range and intensity of emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alogia

A

reduced fluency and productivity of thought and speech. Brief. empty verbal responses; often referred to as poverty of speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure or gain pleasure from experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ambivalence

A

presences of two opposing forces, leading to inaction. mixed feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Avolition

A
  • inability to complete projects, assignments, or work
  • inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Apathy

A

Reactions to stimuli that are decreased, along wth a diminished interest and desire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hallucinations

A
  • perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
  • Can involve any of the five senses (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and somatic, but visual and auditory are more common. auditory hallucinations are more common than visual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Delusions

A

fixed false beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of experience. ex. patients believe someone is reading their thoughts or plotting against them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gradiose Delusions

A

the belief that one has exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nihilistic Delusions

A

the belief that one is dead or a calamity is impending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Persecutory Delusions

A

the belief that one is being watched, ridiculed, harmed or plotted against

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatic Delusions

A

beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structures

17
Q

Neurocognitive Impairment

A

neurocognitive impairment in memory, vigilance, and executive functioning is related to poor functional outcome in schizophrenia
- neurocognition includes short- and long-term memory, vigilance or sustained attention, verbal fluency or the ability to generate new worlds, and executive functioning.
- Long-term memory and intellectual functioning are not necessarily affected.
- symptoms may have interfered with completing educational opportunities.
- often manifested in disorganized symptoms

18
Q

Disorganized symptoms

A

these symptoms of schizophrenia are those things that make it difficult for the person to understand and respond to the ordinary sights and sounds of daily living. These include disorganized speech and thinking and disorganized behaviour

19
Q

Disorganized thinking

A
  • often create oversensitivity to colours, shapes, and background activities
  • illusions (disorganized perceptions that create an oversensitivity to colours, shapes, and background activities, which occur when the person misperceives or exaggerates stimuli in the external environment
  • symptoms that may accompany schizophrenia include anxiety, depression, irritability, and hostility
20
Q

Disorganized Behaviour

A

Disorganized behaviour (which may manifest as a very slow, rhythmic, or ritualistic movement), coupled with disorganized speech, makes it difficult for someone with schizo to partake in daily activities.
- Aggression
- Agitation
- Catatonic excitement (a hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activities and abnormal movements such as grimacing and posturing)
- Echopraxia (involuntary imitation of another person’s movements and gestures)
- Regressed behaviour (behaving in a manner of a less mature life stage; childlike and immature)
- Stereotype (repetitive, purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to the individual and to some degree outside of the individuals control)
- Hypervigilance (sustained attention to external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen)
- Waxy flexibility (posture held in odd or unusual fixed positions for extended periods of time)

21
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)

A
  • Parkinsonism or pseudoparkinsonism (resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, masklike face, shuffling gait and decreased arm swing)
  • Acute dystonia (Intermittent or fixed abnormal postures of the eyes, face, tongue, neck, trunk and extremities)
  • Akathisia (obvious motor restlessness evidenced by pacing, rocking, and shifting from foot to foot; subjective sense of not being able to sit or be still; these symptoms may occur together or separately)
  • Tardive dyskinesia (abnormal dyskinetic movements of the face, mouth, and jaw; choreoathetoid movements of the legs, arms and trunk)
  • Tardive dystonia (persistent sustained abnormal postures in the face, eyes, tongue, neck, trunk, and limbs)
  • Tardive akathsia (persisting, unabating sense of subjective and objective restlessness)
22
Q

Definition: Schizophrenia

A

schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in perceptions, thought, and behaviour

23
Q

Definition: Schizoaffective disorder

A

a complex and persistent psychiatric disorder with varying degrees of symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders

24
Q

Aetiologies/Theories: Spiritual

A
  1. spiritual confusion as auditory hallucinations seem from a higher power
  2. delusions may be religious in content
25
Q

Aetiologies/Theories: Biologic

A
  1. Genetic predisposition
  2. dopaminergic dysfunction
  3. Hyperfrontality
  4. Cognitive deficits
  5. Immune dysfunction
  6. Neuroanatomic changes
26
Q

Aetiologies/Theories: Psychological

A
  1. difficulties in relaxing
  2. affective blunting (decreased emotional expression)
  3. Difficulties with decision making
  4. self-concept changes
  5. decreased stress response and coping
  6. loss of family relationships
27
Q

Aetiologies/Theories: Social

A
  1. Decreased financial status
  2. family and caregiver stress
  3. Homelessness
  4. Stigma and community isolation
28
Q

Disorganized Thinking: Alterations in thought processes evident through speech

A
  • Loosening of associations
  • circumstantiality
  • tangentiality
  • thought blocking
  • neologisms
  • flight of ideas
  • perseveration
  • pressured speech
  • word salad
  • clang associations
  • Echolalia
29
Q

Disorganized thinking

A

delusions of control
bizzare delusions
religious delusions
depersonalization
magical thinking

30
Q

Disorganized behaviour

A

aggression
agitation

31
Q

Nursing Assessment: Biological domain

A
  • current & past health history
  • physical functioning
  • nutritional assessment
  • fluid imbalance assessment
  • pharmacologic assessment
32
Q

Nursing Diagnosis: Biological Domain

A
  • self care deficit
  • disturbed sleep patterns
  • excessive fluid volume
  • imbalanced nutrition
  • constipation
  • sexual dysfunction
33
Q

Nursing Assessments: Psychological Domain

A
  • assess for positive and negative symptoms (Standardized scales)
  • MSE
  • Behavioural responses
  • Self-concept
  • Stress & coping patterns
  • Risk assessment
34
Q

Nursing Diagnosis: Psychological Domain

A
  • disturbed thought processes
  • disturbed sensory perception
  • Disturbed body image
  • Low self- esteem
  • Disturbed personal identity
  • Risk for violene
  • Knowledge deficit
  • Ineffective coping
35
Q

Nursing Assessment & Diagnosis: Social Domain

A
  • social systems
  • quality of life
  • family assessment
  • impaired social interactions
  • ineffective role performance
  • disabled family coping
  • interrupted family processes
36
Q

Treatment

A

most effective treatment approach for individual with schizophrenia involves a variety of disciplines… pharmacologic management is the responsibility of physicians and nurses; all the members of the mental health team can implement various psychosocial interventions

37
Q

Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medications - EPS

A
  • Akathisia
  • Akinesia
  • Dystonia
  • Pseudo-parkinsonism -
  • Tradive dyskinesia
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Mental Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions