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Org Psych > Organizational Theory > Flashcards

Organizational Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Organizational Design

A

The designs of organizations take many shapes
Design is often a response to environment

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2
Q

Organizations have how many types of components

A

2

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3
Q

What are the two types of organizational components

A

structural & social

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4
Q

Structural

A

how work processes are arranged

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5
Q

Social

A

patterns of interactions among members

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6
Q

Structural Theory

A

Explains how organizations evolve to reach a certain shape or form
Outlines “Basic Parts” of an Organization

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7
Q

How many parts / roles of an organization are there?

A

7

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8
Q

What are the roles in an organization?

A

Strategic apex
Operating core
Middle line
Technostructure
Support staff

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9
Q

How many organization structures are there?

A

3

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10
Q

What are the three organization structures are there?

A

Bureaucratic, matrix, organic

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11
Q

Principles of Bureaucracy

A

Division of Labor
Standardization of tasks
Hierarchical system of supervision
Centralized Decision-making
Delegation of Authority

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12
Q

Pros of a Bureaucracy

A

Greater Specialization/ task knowledge
Less Role Conflict
Less Role Ambiguity

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13
Q

Cons of a Bureaucracy

A

Narrow job tasks/ responsibilities
Communication/ coordination across divisions
Difficulty adapting to a changing marketplace

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14
Q

Matrix Structure

A

Divides org into specialized teams with shared leadership

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15
Q

Pros of a matrix structure

A

Specialized knowledge for all projects
Skill variety
Established Teams

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16
Q

Cons of a matrix structure

A

Role Conflict
Role Ambiguity

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17
Q

Organic structure

A

Cross-functional, often self-managed, teams that form and restructure as the business changes

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18
Q

Pros of organic structure

A

Adaptable
Skill variety
Efficient use of talent

19
Q

Cons of organic structure

A

Lacks clear leadership
Team functioning

20
Q

Organizational Culture

A

The language (jargon, legends, stories), values, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that give an organization its own unique identity

21
Q

Three components of org culture. Listed from easiest to hardest to change

A

Artifacts
Values
Basic assumptions

22
Q

Observable Artifacts

A

Physical manifestations of culture
- Decorations
- Rituals
- Policies
- Practices
- Vision Statements
- Layout of Office/ Organization

23
Q

Organizational Values

A

Espoused vs. enacted

24
Q

Espoused values

A

The stated values (norms) of an organization

25
Q

Enacted values

A

The exhibited values of an organization (behavior)

26
Q

Basic Assumptions

A

“Core of organizational culture”

Values so embedded that they become basic assumptions

University valuing education

27
Q

How do Org Cultures Form?

A

Person
Situation

28
Q

Person - how does org culture form

A

Founders Values
Current Leaders Values and Behaviors
“The Trickledown Effect”

29
Q

Situation - how do orgs form

A

National culture (e.g., work long hours)
Industry environment (e.g., innovation)

30
Q

How are Org Cultures Sustained?

A

People make the place… not the other way around

The Attraction-Selection-Attrition Paradigm

31
Q

Is homogeneity a good thing?

A

We like to work with people that share our values
BUT the more homogeneity leads to less diversity and less ideas

PO fit: attitudes, withdraw, perf., stress
Heterogeneity = new ideas, perspectives

32
Q

How is Culture Changed?

A

Change people (hire, fire)
Teach new culture to employees
Teach value of new culture to employees
Leaders model new culture
Replace old artifacts
Reward those who endorse culture
Punish those who do not endorse culture

33
Q

Org Politics

A

Intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups

34
Q

Key Aspects to Understanding Org Politics

A

Forms of Occurrence
Political Skill
Managing politicking

35
Q

Some key Forms of Occurrence

A

Attacking or blaming others
leveraging knowledge / expertise
Impression management
Manipulating the images others have of us
Purposefully withholding or distorting information

36
Q

Political Skill

What attributes contribute to successful politicking?

A

Social Astuteness
Interpersonal Influence
Networking
Impression MGMT

37
Q

Social Astuteness

A

Ability to observe social cues and intuit others motives and values

38
Q

Interpersonal Influence

A

Capacity to take control of social encounters (persuasion)

39
Q

Networking

A

Can cultivate interpersonal resources to achieve desired outcomes

40
Q

Impression MGMT

A

Manipulating image… to disguise one’s true intentions

41
Q

How do we try to positively manipulate our image?
(Impression MGMT)

A

Draw attention to our good work and take credit for others

Praise and do favors for people in influential positions

Be polite, friendly, and accommodating

42
Q

Why would someone ever negatively manipulate their image?

A

Avoid additional work

Express dissatisfaction with change

Seek revenge by making superior or other look bad

Get transferred or laid off

43
Q

Managing Politicking

A

Politics cannot be eliminated
but you can use
open-book management

44
Q

Open-book management

A

Make sure everyone knows what gets rewarded and how rewards are given (transparency)

Assign goals, obj. measures, hold accountable

Create a culture that praises results w/o politicking

Org Psych (3 decks)

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