unit 1

Question 1

peptidoglycan

Answer 1

• found only in bacteria
• murein is the peptidoglycan contained in most bacterial walls

Question 2

characteristics of gram negative cell wall

Answer 2

pink stain
* contains LPS
* outermembrane blocks passage of many molecules including certain antibiotics

Question 3

gram positive cell wall characteristics

Answer 3

produce waxy mycolic acids found exterior to peptidoglycan

Question 4

endospore

Answer 4

unique dormant form of bacterial cells that protect the bacterial genome when environmental conditions are unfavorable

Question 5

what two types of bacteria produce spores

Answer 5

bacillus and clostridium

Question 6

capsule

Answer 6

distinct, gelatinous, firmly attached to cell wall; may protect pathogens from phagocytosis

Question 7

cell wall characteristics

Answer 7

confers shape and rigidity to the cell
protects from harsh conditions
helps withstand osmotic pressure to prevent lysis

Question 8

prions

Answer 8

infectious proteins
* misfolded version of normal cellular proteins found in brain

Question 9

bacteria

Answer 9

single-celled
prokaryotes

Question 10

viruses

Answer 10

acellular
* core: DNA or RNA (never both)
* obligate intracellular parasite

Question 11

mold

Answer 11

multicellular fungi

Question 12

yeast

Answer 12

single-celled fungi

Question 13

protozoa

Answer 13

single-celled parasites

Question 14

helminths

Answer 14

parasitic worm

Question 15

PCR

Answer 15

uses sequnce-specific primers to amplify selected sequences

Question 16

transduction

Answer 16

the process by which bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) transfer bacterial genes form a donor to a recipient

Question 17

transformation

Answer 17

DNA injects itself into the cell, the single stranded DNA integrates itself with the host DNA to then become viral

Question 18

enveloped virus

Answer 18

contains spikes

Question 19

broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 19

effective against a wide range of bacteria

Question 20

narrow spectrum antibiotics

Answer 20

effective against a limited range of bacteria

Question 21

conjugation

Answer 21

process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to antoher through direct contact

Question 22

most drug resistance is __ mediated

Answer 22

plasma