DNA packing and genetics

Question 1

what do methyltransferase enzymes?

Answer 1

theyre enzymes that methylate DNA
the ensure methylation patterns are kept as the divide

Question 2

what is De Novo methylation?

Answer 2

it allows methylation patterns during development

Question 3

what is a nucleosome?

Answer 3

a singular histone protein with DNA wrapped around it

Question 4

what do hostone proteins do?

Answer 4

they allow the DNA to wrap around them to make it smaller

Question 5

what is chromatin?

Answer 5

it is the overall DNA/histone octamer complex

Question 6

what is an octamer?

Answer 6

its 4 nucleosomes

Question 7

what is euchromatin?

Answer 7

its loosely packed chromatin with genes added and its often active under transcription

Question 8

what is heterochromatin?

Answer 8

it’s a tightly packed form of chromatin and is generally inactive and inaccessible to RNA polymerases

Question 9

what is the chromatin state regulated by?

Answer 9

methylation and acetylation of histones
they have different modifications to affect how tightly the DNA is packed

Question 10

what are epigenetic changes linked to? and why?

Answer 10

cancer and other diseases because the DNA is more easily damaged