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russian culture > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

sergey uvarov

A

came up with the idea of “orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality”

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2
Q

philosophical letter

A

written in 1836 by petr chaadaev

said that russia wasn’t asia or europe, its lack of history was the result of leaving the catholic church, russia was sinning by allowing serfdom, and all of this culminated in russia having no future of progress

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3
Q

slavophiles

A

group against chaadaev’s letter because they believed that russia had its own specific culture, westernization ruined russia’s national identity, and idealized the peasants as ideal russian citizens

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4
Q

mir

A

peasant community

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5
Q

sobornost

A

means conciliation, where the tsar governs in accordance with the people

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6
Q

zemskii sobor

A

assembly of the land

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7
Q

slavophilism

A

evolution of slavophilia into nationalism, antisemitism, and panslavism (union of all slavic countries under russia against germany and austria)

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8
Q

main slavophiles

A

alexei khomiakov, ivan kireevski, sergey aksakov

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9
Q

main westernizers

A

timothy granovsky, alexander herzen, Mikhail bakunin

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10
Q

westernizers

A

group that believed russia was a part of europe, just behind in development, and also hoped russia would develop an educated middle class like the bourgeoisie

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11
Q

mikhail bakunin

A

very famous promoter of anarchism and was against karl marx’s ideologies

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12
Q

alexander ii’s reforms

A

abolition of serfdom in 1861

development of local self-governments and zemstvo (local elected assemblies)

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13
Q

terrorist organizations

A

earth and liberty (zemlja i volja)
the people’s will (narodnaja volja)

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14
Q

the people’s will

A

group that killed the tsar in march 1881

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15
Q

realism

A

describes life as is, focusing on social conditions, class relations, work, and money

russian realism focused on the economic decay of the nobility, rise of capitalism, and peasant life

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16
Q

literary populism

A

interest in peasant life that permeated all of russian culture

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17
Q

association of traveling art exhibitions

A

i.e. wanderers, itinerants

members include ilya resin, ivan karamskoy, nikolai bogdanov

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18
Q

“what is to be done”

A

novel by nikolai chernyshevski in where the protagonists idealize the people of the future and were pro-socialism

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19
Q

ivan turgenev

A

wrote “the sketches of a huntsman” and “fathers and sons”

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20
Q

ivan goncharov

A

wrote “oblomov”

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21
Q

fyodor dostoevsky

A

wrote “notes from the underground,” “crime and punishment,” “the idiot,” and “the brothers karamazov”

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22
Q

leo tolstoy

A

wrote “war and peace,” “anna karenina,” and “the death of ivan ilyich”

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23
Q

konstantin pobedonoststev

A

alexander ii’s minister who saw ethnic minorities as a threat to the regime

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24
Q

pogrom

A

mass murder of jews

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25
Q

russian territory

A

caucasus (georgia, armenia, azerbaijan, checnya)

central asia (uzbekistan, turkmenistan, kazakhstan)

far east (southeast siberia, sakhalin islands)

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26
Q

symbolism

A

focused on the invisible and irrationalism (seek truth through art)

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27
Q

symbolist poets

A

konstantin balmont
dmitry merezhkovsky
valery bruisov
zinaida gippius
alexander blok
andrey bely

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28
Q

gesamtkunstwerk

A

works of art that connected different media

i.e. russian ballet (combining dancing, music, and painting)

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29
Q

reasons russia joined world war i

A
  • scared by germany’s growing power
  • obligated because of an alliance with france
  • wanted to counterbalance austrian influence in the balkans and ottoman influence in the black sea
  • nicholas ii wanted to use the war to regain a positive public opinion and capitalizing on their germanophobia
30
Q

collapse of nicholas’ regime

A
  • high casualty numbers
  • poor agriculture
  • terrible winter
  • economic decline
31
Q

the soviets

A

assembly of workers and soldiers

32
Q

bolshevik revolution

A

military coup let by lenin on october 25, 1917 (labeled the october revolution)

33
Q

russian soviet federative socialist republic political agenda

A
  • end the war with germany
  • abolition of private property and confiscation of land
  • bolshevik dictatorship
  • nationalization of the economy
  • new political police (cheka)
  • brutal policy or food acquisition and redistribution
34
Q

red terror

A

led to a civil war (1918 - 1922) between the red army (bolsheviks) and the white army (monarchic forces)

35
Q

ussr arrangement

A

allegedly a federal union of independent socialist states, but power was centralized with no federation

36
Q

nepmen

A

capitalist

37
Q

new economic policy

A

partially capitalist policy that healed the ussr’s economy

38
Q

futurist poets

A

david burlyuk
vladimir mayakovsky
velimir khlebnikov

39
Q

cubofuturist artists

A

Natalia goncharova
mikhail larionov
aleksandra ekster
lyubov popova

40
Q

constructivists

A

vladimir tatlin
alexander rodchenko

41
Q

supermatists

A

kazimir malevich
el lissitzky

42
Q

avant-garde

A

artists that were modernists who embraced the revolution

43
Q

avant-garde filmmakers

A

lev kuleshov
dziga vertov
sergei eisenstein

44
Q

kuleshov effect

A

film tactic where images are only meaningful in context

45
Q

kinoks

A

“cinema eye”

film tactic where the camera is superior to the human eye

46
Q

montage

A

film theory by eisenstein

47
Q

man with a movie camera

A

1929 film by dziga vertov

48
Q

eisenstein films

A

the strike
battleship potemkin
october

49
Q

death of lenin

A

1924

50
Q

kolkhozy

A

collective farm

51
Q

sovkhozy

A

state farms

52
Q

kulaks

A

affluent peasants (a.k.a. class traitors)

53
Q

famine

A

killed 5 - 7 million people across ukraine, north caucasus, and kazakhstan

54
Q

1934

A

assassination of sergei kirov, leading to a new wave of political repression

55
Q

three moscow trials

A

stalin’s competitors in the bolshevik party who were found guilty due to fabricate evidence and therefore sentenced to death

56
Q

nikolai ezhov

A

head of the nkvd

57
Q

great terror

A

a.k.a. “great purge,” “ezhovshina”

massive wave of arrests in 1937

1.6 million arrested, including old bolsheviks, ancient socialist revolutionaries, priests, former white army soldiers, and ethnic minorities

58
Q

labor camps

A

14 million people passed through

1.7 million deaths

59
Q

stalinist propaganda

A

propaganda helped the population accept stalin’s regime

young pioneers was a stalinist school organization

komsomol (pro-leninist organization)

60
Q

soviet “new man”

A
  • disciplined
  • well-educated
  • hard worker
  • puts the collective before the individual
61
Q

enemies of the soviet regime

A

class enemies (aristocrats, bourgeois, clergymen)

political enemies (trotskyists)

ethnic enemies (volga germans, crimean tatars, chechens)

foreign enemies (fascists, imperialists)

62
Q

propaganda heroes

A

shock worker alexei stakhanov and self-sacrificing pavlik morozov

63
Q

stalin’s cult of personality

A
  • all-knowing
  • all-powerful
  • lenin’s best pupil and sole heir
  • best of collective farm workers
  • best of shock workers
  • father to all soviet people
64
Q

culture one

A
  • horizontal
  • disruptive
  • futuristic
  • technological
  • anti-hierarchic
  • emphasizes movement and destruction
65
Q

culture two

A
  • vertical
  • hierarchic
  • anthropomorphic
  • archaic
  • emphasizes enclosure and immobility
66
Q

the twelve

A

poem written by alexander blok in 1918

twelve bolshevik soldiers march in petrograd during the winter and find christ in a snowstorm

represents the violence of the revolution and embraces it as the birth of a new world

67
Q

we

A

novel written by evgeni zamyatin in 1920

inspired george orwell’s 1984, as everything is government-regulated and dystopian

68
Q

requiem

A

poem written by anna akhmatova

about her experience as a mother weeping for her imprisoned son and alternating between hope and despair

69
Q

the thaw

A

period when nikita krushshchev liberalized soviet society, denouncing stalin and his cult of personality

70
Q

one day in the life of ivan denisovich

A

novel written by alexander solzhenistyn

denounces the gulag and the dehumanization the prisoners experience

ivan denisovich represents an orthodox martyr and uses his suffering to get closer to christ

russian culture (3 decks)

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