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EAS 210 > EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 2 REDO > Flashcards

EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 2 REDO Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have) ____
A. crystalline
B. characteristic physical properties
C. organic
D. naturally occurring
E. definite chemical composition

A

C. organic

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2
Q

What type of bonding is in olivine?

A

Ionic and covalent

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3
Q

What mineral has the lowest hardness?

A

Talc

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4
Q

What is the hardness of quartz on the Moh scale?

A

H = 7

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5
Q

What mineral fizzes strongly when contacted with hydrochloric acid?

A

Calcite

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6
Q

Which of the following correctly matches a mineral with the mineral class it belongs to?
A. Sulphur; Sulphide
B. Garnet; Silicate
C. Galena; Sulphate
D. Hematite; Carbonate
E. Gypsum; Oxide

A

B. Garnet; Silicate

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7
Q

What is plagioclase feldspar composed of?

A

A 3D framework of silica tetrahedra

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8
Q

What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in pyroxene?

A

3:1

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9
Q

What type of mineral is dolomite?

A

Carbonate mineral

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10
Q

List some oxide minerals

A

Alumina
Hematite
Magnetite
Uraninite

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11
Q

What type of mineral is pyrite?

A

Sulphide mineral

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12
Q

What rock is the upper mantle mainly composed of?

A

Peridotite

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13
Q

Magma is slowly cooling in a magma chamber under equilibrium conditions. Which will be the last mineral to crystallize?

A

Quartz

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14
Q

Describe phaneritic texture.

A

Igneous rocks where all grains are large enough to see without magnification

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15
Q

Describe porphyritic texture.

A

Igneous rocks that experience a two-stage cooling history

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16
Q

What is a batholith?

A

An igneous intrusion with a surface area greater than 100 square kilometers

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17
Q

What is fine-grained (<2 mm) pyroclastic material called?

A

Ash

18
Q

Shield volcanoes are composed of what type of lava?

A

Basalt

19
Q

What is a thin, tabular or sheet-like igneous intrusive body forces between layers of sedimentary rock?

A

Sill

20
Q

Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true?
A. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks.
B. Intrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks.
C. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of lava.
D. Extrusive rocks always have a different chemical composition compared to intrusive rocks.
E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

A

E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

21
Q

Which mineral is not commonly found in felsic igneous rocks?

A

Pyroxene

22
Q

When is mechanical weathering most rapid?

A

In climates that are cool and humid

23
Q

What is the most common natural acid contributing to chemical weathering?

A

Carbonic acid

24
Q

What mineral is not generally found in sedimentary rocks?

A

Olivine

25
Q

What is the difference between breccia and conglomerate?

A

Conglomerates have rounded clasts and breccias have angular clasts

26
Q

What would sediment with an average grain size of 0.5 mm be called?

A

Sand

27
Q

How is turbidite formed?

A

Underwater avalanches of sediment and water

28
Q

What is the most common chemical sedimentary rock?

A

Limestone

29
Q

What is the first group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation?

A

Carbonates

30
Q

Which evaporite mineral takes water into its crystal structure as it forms?

A

Gypsum

31
Q

How is cross-bedding formed?

A

The action of water currents in streams and the action of wind

32
Q

How is sillimanite formed?

A

High grade metamorphism

33
Q

Which metamorphic rock does not form from a mudrock/shale?

A

Quartzite

34
Q

A metamorphic rock containing more than 50% platy minerals would be _____

A

Schist

35
Q

A shale undergoes Barrovian metamorphism. What sequence of rocks will be observed as the pressure and temperature increase?
Gneiss | Phyllite | Schist | Slate

A

Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss

36
Q

What always changes during metamorphism?

A

Texture

37
Q

In metamorphic rocks, the larger crystals set in a finer-grained groundmass are called what?

A

Porphyroblasts

38
Q

A rock containing ___ is probably metamorphic.

A

Kyanite

39
Q

Blueschist metamorphic rocks are formed in which geological setting?

A

Subduction zones

40
Q

What is Mylonite?

A

A metamorphic rock formed in the ductile part of a fault in the lower crust

41
Q

What rock is formed by the metamorphism of limestone?

A

Marble

EAS 210 (9 decks)

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