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EBCI > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What measures give you validity of clinical or diagnostic tests?

A

sensitivity and specificity

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2
Q

How do you calculate sensitivity?

A

patients with condition who test positive / (all patients with the condition)

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3
Q

How do you calculate specificity?

A

patients without the condition who test negative / (all patients w/o the condition)

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4
Q

Explain SnNout.

A

With a high sensitivity value and a negative test result, you can rule out the disorder

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5
Q

Explain SpPin.

A

With a high specificity value and a positive test result, you can rule in the disorder

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6
Q

What provides better information for clinical decisions than sensitivity and specificity alone?

A

likelihood ratios

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7
Q

How do you calculate +LR ? (use for a positive test result)

A

sensitivity / (1-specificity)

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8
Q

How do you calculate -LR? (use for negative test results)

A

(1-sensitivity) / specificity

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9
Q

definition: What % of the population has the condition

A

pre-test probability

  • sometimes estimated
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10
Q

What is determined by a likelihood ratio number?

A

post-test probability

  • change in probability can affect an intervention, prognosis, or diagnosis
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11
Q

A + LR of at LEAST ____ can start to influence clinical decisions.

A

> 2 (the higher the number, the steeper the slope)

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12
Q

A -LR of ___- ___ can start to influence decisions

A

0.2-0.5

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13
Q

A -LR of ___- ___ can generate moderate shifts in probability

A

0.1-0.2

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14
Q

On a berg balance test, a score of ____ points OR LESS is indicative of a risk for falls.

A

45 pts (Sn = 0.72, Sp = 0.73)

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15
Q

What is the Sn and Sp of the ottawa ankle rules?

A

Sn = 0.98
Sp = 0.25

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16
Q

What are the steps in creating a CPR?

A
  1. derivation
  2. validation
  3. impact studies
17
Q

(true/false) Not all patients with a specific diagnosis either have the same pathology or response to interventions.

A

true

18
Q

definition: development of an algorithm or list of factors the identify patients who will either be successful or not successful with certain interventions

A

CPR

19
Q

There is some evidence that ___ exercises are helpful in treatment of non-specific LBP.

A

stabilizing exercises

20
Q

definition:
- at least 2 participants have to be involved in the decision making process
- both parties have to take steps to participate in the process of treatment decision making
- information sharing is required
- deliberation is required
- treatment decision has to be agreed upon by both parties

A

shared decision making (5 characteristics of shared decision making)

21
Q

definition: Clinically viable, controlled experimental approach to the study of a single case or several subjects, and the flexibility to observe change under ongoing treatment conditions

A

single-subject design

22
Q

What is the independent variable in a single-subject design?

A

intervention

23
Q

What is the dependent variable in a single-subject design?

A

patient response

24
Q

What are limitations to traditional research designs?

A
  • focus on the group mean
  • rigorous and often too controlled
  • require a large sample size
  • doesn’t allow individual comparison
  • can be unethical to withhold treatment
25
Q

What aspects of single-subject design are criticized?

A
  • bias
  • subjects vary with response to interventions
  • limited blinding
26
Q

What is required of a single-subject design?

A
  • repeated measures
  • baseline and intervention phases
27
Q

definition: design that has threats to internal validity

A

AB type design

28
Q

definition: design that is also called a withdrawal design (baseline, then intervention, then baseline)

  • lessens/controls threat to internal validity
A

ABA type design

29
Q

definition: “are you actually measuring what you are intended to measure?”

A

internal validity

30
Q

definition: social/individual acceptance to the intervention of a study

A

social validity

31
Q

definition: “does the research relate to the population?”

A

external validity

32
Q

definition: Statistical method that compares the baseline and treatment with the best fit line for a trend that starts at with the baseline statistics and continues itself in the treatment results

A

split-middle method

33
Q

definition: Statistical method of finding the mean of the baseline and calculating 2 SD above the mean

A

two SD band method

34
Q

Case reports are generally on ___ subject(s)

A

one

35
Q

definition: Detailed description of a singular patient’s course of treatment, management, prognosis… it can be prospective or retrospective

A

case reports

36
Q

definition: description of more than one patient generally with the same focus and in a similar way as a case report

A

case series

EBCI (6 decks)

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