VS, Bedrest, and Hypotension

Question 1

what is the normal HR range?

Answer 1

60-100bpm

Question 2

what makes a HR tachycardic?

Answer 2

> 100bpm

Question 3

what makes a HR bradycardic?

Answer 3

<60bpm

Question 4

does heart rate always equal pulse rate?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 5

pressure exerting against arterial walls when heart beats

Question 6

what is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 6

pressure that blood exerts when heart is resting between beats

Question 7

what is the range for resting BP for neonates?

Answer 7

> 60 / variable

Question 8

what is the resting BP for infants?

Answer 8

70-95 / variable

Question 9

what is resting BP for children?

Answer 9

80-110 / variable

Question 10

what is resting BP for adults?

Answer 10

90-120 / <80

Question 11

what is normal BP as a whole?

Answer 11

<120 / <80

Question 12

what is prehypertension?

Answer 12

120-139 / 80-89

Question 13

what is Stage I hypertension?

Answer 13

140-159 / 90-99

Question 14

what is Stage II hypertension?

Answer 14

≥160 / ≥100

Question 15

when would you take BP at an alternate site?

Answer 15

cast, mastectomy, dialysis fistula, PICC line/arterial line, repeated measurements

Question 16

what are changes in RR indicative of?

Answer 16

critical conditions

Question 17

what is normal RR for neonates?

Answer 17

40-60

Question 18

what is normal RR for infants?

Answer 18

25-50

Question 19

what is normal RR for children and older?

Answer 19

15-30

Question 20

What is normal O2 saturation?

Answer 20

94-100%

Question 21

when might measurements be inaccurate when taking O2 sats?

Answer 21

peripheral artery disease, raynaud’s, cold extremities, afib, dark pigmented skin, dark nail polish

Question 22

what is RPE based on?

Answer 22

how difficult the patient feels they are working, how they feel physically and mentally

Question 23

what does physiologic effects of bed rest pertain to?

Answer 23

multisystem involvements

deconditioning: loss of physiological and performance adaptions

Question 24

what are some musculoskeletal physiological effects of bed rest?

Answer 24

• bony resorption > formation
• increased risk of fractures
• *atrophy
• impacts all muscle types (fast-twitch most impacted)
• decreased muscle length and ROM
• contractures

Question 25

what are some cardiopulmonary physiological effects of bed rest?

Answer 25

• reduced ventilatory muscle strength/endurance
• decreased strength of contraction = smaller volumes
• increased work of breathing
• leads to atelectasis / mucus pooling and impaired ciliary functioning WHICH LEADS TO pneumonia
• RHR increases 1bpm every 2 days of bed rest

Question 26

what are some psychological physiologic effects of bed rest?

Answer 26

• increased number of environmental, psychological, and isolation stressors

leads to
- sleep deprivation
- impaired cognition
- dependency
- reduced tolerance to pain
- depression / anxiety
- delirium

Question 27

what is postural/orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 27

when SDP/DBP drops when supine –> standing after 3min

Question 28

what is an orthostatic drop in SBP?

Answer 28

≥ 20mmHg

Question 29

what is an orthostatic drop in DBP?

Answer 29

≥ 10mmHg