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Computing OCR > Memory and storage * > Flashcards

Memory and storage * Flashcards

1
Q

What does primary storage contain?

A

RAM
ROM
registers
cache

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2
Q

What is primary storage used for?

A

holds the data and instructions which the CPU needs access to while a computer is running

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3
Q

Can the CPU access data quicker from primary or secondary storage?

A

primary

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4
Q

What does RAM do?

A

holds the operating system, programs and data in use by the CPU when the computer is running

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5
Q

Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?

A

volatile

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6
Q

Is RAM read and write or read only?

A

read and write

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7
Q

Is RAM larger or smaller?

A

larger

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8
Q

What does ROM do?

A
  • holds the first instructions for when the computer is first turned on (bootstrap)
  • programs may be stored in ROM in embedded systems
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9
Q

Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?

A

non-volatile

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10
Q

Is ROM read and write or read only?

A

read only

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11
Q

Is ROM larger or smaller?

A

smaller

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12
Q

What does volatile mean?

A

memory is lost when the power is switched off

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13
Q

What does non-volatile mean?

A

memory remains when the power is switched off

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14
Q

How many bits are there in a byte?

A

8 bits in a byte

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15
Q

How many bits in a nibble?

A

4 bits in a nibble

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16
Q

How many nibbles in a byte?

A

2 nibbles in a byte

17
Q

How many bytes in a kilobyte?

A

1024 bytes (1000)
thousand bytes

18
Q

How many bytes in a megabyte?

A

1,000,000 bytes
million bytes

19
Q

How many bytes in a gigabyte?

A

1,000,000,000 bytes
bilion bytes

20
Q

How many bytes in a terabyte?

A

1,000,000,000,000 bytes
trillion bytes

21
Q

How do you convert from kilobytes to megabytes to gigabytes etc

A

multiply by 1000

22
Q

Why is secondary storage needed?

A

needed because ROM is read only and RAM is volatile

23
Q

What is secondary storage needed for?

A
  • storage of programs and data when the power is turned off
  • semi-permanent storage of data that can change
  • backup of data files
  • archive of data files
24
Q

What are the three common types of storage?

A
  • optical
  • magnetic (HDD, tape)
  • solid-state (SSD)
25
Q

Give three points about optical storage

A
  • low capacity
  • slow to access data
  • thin, lightweight and portable
26
Q

Give four points about magnetic storage

A
  • high storage capacity
  • quick to access data
  • has moving parts
  • performs better if defragmented
27
Q

Give eight points about solid-state storage

A
  • medium storage capacity
  • very quick to access data
  • no moving parts, very reliable
  • no noise
  • low power
  • no need to defragment
  • limited number of read/write cycles
  • expensive
27
Q

Give eight points about solid-state storage

A
  • medium storage capacity
  • very quick to access data
  • no moving parts, very reliable
  • no noise
  • low power
  • no need to defragment
  • limited number of read/write cycles
  • expensive
28
Q

When is virtual memory needed?

A

needed when there is not enough physical RAM to store open programs

29
Q

Where is virtual memory held?

A

on the hard disk

30
Q

When are programs transferred out of virtual memory?

A

when they are not currently executed

31
Q

When are programs transferred back to RAM?

A

when they are needed

32
Q

What are the six factors needed to decide which device to use given an aoolication?

A
  • capacity
  • speed
  • portability
  • durability
  • reliability
  • cost
33
Q

What makes electronic components easier to manufacture, cheaper and more reliable

A

using just two states to store data

Computing OCR (13 decks)

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