Chapter 8 - Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to be able to acquire and retain knowledge
What was Spearman’s Psychometric theory?
Tests measure general intelligence
What is general intelligence?
General intelligence is a combination of specific intelligence: mechanical, spatial, numerical and verbal, which are 4 topics that are combined to create a person’s general intelligence
What was Thurstone’s Psychometric theory?
Thurstone had a theory of multiple intelligences and that rather than combining them, we should look and measure intelligence in different domains which should allow us to see that intelligence is a complicated and unclear concept
What is fluid intelligence?
Fluid intelligence is the ability to see relations amongst stimuli, and see connections in new things. Someone that has a higher level of fluid intelligence has more effective assimilation of new information
What is crystallized intelligence?
Knowledge and skills are accumulated within one culture. It’s based on facts, and increases with age because you get to know more
What is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
This theory draws upon research in child development, brain damaged adults and exceptional talent, and proposes 9 intelligences
What are the 9 Intelligences in Gardner’s theory?
Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential
What did Gardner believe in regards to educational settings?
Gardner believed that schools should foster all intelligence and be aware of each individual’s profile of intelligence, and that teachers should be aware that children learn differently
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to perceive emotions accurately. People with high EI have more satisfying interpersonal relationships
What is successful intelligence?
Successful intelligence involves using one’s abilities skillfully to achieve personal goals
Explain Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence
For Sternberg, it is not enough to measure one’s ability but to know how well one can use it to achieve their personal goals
What are the three different abilities involved in successful intelligence?
Analytic ability, creative ability, and practical ability
Explain analytic ability
Analytic ability focuses on analyzing problems and generating creative solutions to the problems. It is taking the mental steps to solve problems, and breaking things down into parts
Explain creative ability
Creative ability involves being able to be flexible with situations that arise with problems. It also involves the use of experience in ways that foster insight
