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apush > Period 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Period 1 and 2 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Three sisters farming

A

When corn, beans, and squash are grown together in the same plant. This allows the plant to be stronger and survive.

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2
Q

What were Native American tribes like pre-Columbus?

A

Nomadic, small, and scattered

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3
Q

What happened when Columbus arrived?

A

The Columbian Exchange started
Spain sent conquistadors
Spain set up the Encomienda system

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4
Q

Why did Europeans and Columbus start exploration?

A

In search of silks and spices
Columbus’s goal was to end up in India

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5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The widespread transfer of things like animals, diseases, human population, precious metals, and newer technologies between Spain and America

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6
Q

Encomienda System

A

Native Americans were given to colonists by the Spanish government for labor and in exchange the colonists would convert them to Catholicism
It equated to slavery

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7
Q

Pope’s Rebellion
1680

A

The Catholic mission was a fundamental component of Spanish colonization
Rebels destroyed the churches and killed priests

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8
Q

Juan de Sepulveda

A

Someone who was for the conversion of Native Americans
Wrote “Just Causes for War Against the Indians”

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9
Q

Bartolome de Las Casas

A

Someone who was against the way the Spanish were converting the Native Americans
Wrote “A Short Account for the Destruction of Indies”

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10
Q

How did the Spanish block the French from taking over?

A

They fortified communities by converting Native Americans to Catholicism
They also built a fortress in St. Augustine, Florida

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11
Q

Why was the Spanish Caste System developed?

A

It was developed to justify the intermarrying and mixed race families to people in a way where the Spanish were still on top

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12
Q

How did disease affect Native Americans?

A

Their immune systems were not ready, causing 90% of them to die

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13
Q

Diseases the Columbian Exchange carried

A

Small pox, malaria, and yellow fever

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14
Q

A big invention from the 1400s-1500s

A

Caravels (ships) which were created by the Portuguese

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15
Q

What did the New World do for Europe?

A

Helped Spain and Italy lay the foundation for the modern commercial banking system
Spread commerce and manufacturing
Helped Europe pay for international trade with Asia

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16
Q

What did horses do?

A

The Spanish brought them over
They gave Native Americans more mobility creating tribe vs. tribe conflict

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17
Q

In the Triangular Trade, what did the New World provide?

A

Raw materials and soil for sugar cane

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18
Q

In the Triangular Trade, what did Africa provide?

A

Labor

19
Q

In the Triangular Trade, what did Europe provide?

A

Capital, markets, and technology

20
Q

Why did Christians want to go to Asia?

A

To take the Holy Land back from Muslims

21
Q

What goods did Asia have?

A

Silk, spices, pain-alleviating drugs, sugar, and perfumes

22
Q

What were the 3Gs?

A

Gold, glory, and God
They were why the Europeans wanted to conquer the New World

23
Q

Why was treatment of enslaved people worse the further south someone went?

A

Further down geographically makes it more labor intensive and harder
Crops being grown in southern areas (sugar cane) were harder and more intensive than crops being grown in northern areas (tobacco)

24
Q

How did the slave trade get brought to the Carolinas?

A

Carolina settlers came from Barbados and brought enslaved people with them
This set up a vigorous slave trade in the Carolinas

25
Q

Charleston

A

Had a religious tolerance where many people (outcasts) were able to come which made for a diverse area

26
Q

What was the principle crop in the Carolinas?

A

Rice

27
Q

Act of Toleration

A

A law that tolerated all Christians in Maryland, but not other people like Jewish people or Atheists

28
Q

Primogeniture Laws

A

Only the oldest son in the family would inherit things
Younger sons wanted to come to the New World for land of their own

29
Q

Tobacco

A

Extremely profitable
Depleted the soil leading colonists to further intrude on Native American land
Played an important role in putting the colonies on a firm economic foundation
Most black people were enslaved to grow tobacco in the colonies

30
Q

1st permanent settlement

A

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)
- England

31
Q

John Smith

A

Led survival in Jamestown and was the reason it was successful

32
Q

John Rolfe

A

The husband of Pocahontas
Father of the tobacco industry
Perfected tobacco
Pioneer of making money through farming

33
Q

Characteristics of French and Dutch colonization

A

Had friendly relationships with Native Americans
Main goal was to get furs to export to Europe
Didn’t take much land and were fine with sharing
Sent fewer people, most of which were men

34
Q

Characteristics of English colonization

A

Used Native Americans for survival for a few years and then pushed them off the land
Separated themselves
Sent full families to avoid intermarrying
Fought with Native Americans
Promoted mercantilism
Goals were religious freedom and crops

35
Q

3Ds

A

Disease, disorganization, and disposability
The reasons that many Native Americans died

36
Q

Navigation Acts

A

Allowed colonies to only trade with England if they were an English colony or be under extreme supervision if trading with another country
People started to smuggle things

37
Q

Mercantilism

A

Economic philosophy that colonies exist for the mother country

38
Q

Characteristics of Spanish colonization

A

Wanted precious metals (silver and gold)
Came with conquistadors
Had tight control over the colonies
Were fine with intermarrying and mixed race families (Mestizo and Mulatto)

39
Q

What was England’s 1st attempt at colonization?

A

Roanoke Island (1585)
Off the coast of Virginia, near Jamestown
Did not survive

40
Q

What was Georgia used as in the begining?

A

A buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida

41
Q

1st Anglo-Powhatan War

A

De La Warr began it in 1610
Ended by marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas in 1614

42
Q

2nd Anglo-Powhatan War

A

Happened in 1644
Provoked by colonists further intrusion on Native American land
Forced Native Americans to separate settlements

43
Q

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

Happened in 1588
Ended Spanish colonial dominance that existed from 1493 in Central and South America

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