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Year Two - Gastroenterology System > Gastritis > Flashcards

Gastritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastritis?

A

It is defined as a group of conditions in which there is inflammation of the stomach mucosa

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2
Q

What are the three classifications of gastritis?

A

Gastritis A

Gastritis B

Gastritis C

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3
Q

What is another term for gastritis A?

A

Autoimmune gastritis

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4
Q

What is gastritis A?

A

It is defined as gastritis related to the immune system attacking gastric parietal cells

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5
Q

What are the two complications associated with gastritis A?

A

Adenoma formation

Pernicious anaemia

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6
Q

How is adenoma formation a complication of gastritis A?

A

Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of gastric acid (hypochlorhydria)

This causes elevated gastrin levels, which stimulate enterochromaffin cells

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7
Q

How is pernicious anaemia a complication of gastritis A?

A

Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of intrinsic factor

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8
Q

What is the most common gastritis classification?

A

Gastritis B

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9
Q

What is another term for gastritis B?

A

Bacterial gastritis

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10
Q

What is gastritis B?

A

It is defined as gastritis related to bacterial infection

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11
Q

What bacterial infection is most commonly associated with gastritis B?

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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12
Q

What two complications are associated with gastritis B?

A

Intestinal metaplasia

Peptic ulceration

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13
Q

What is another term for gastritis C?

A

Chemical gastritis

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14
Q

What is gastritis C?

A

It is defined as gastritis related to alcohol misuse, drug administration or bile reflux

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15
Q

What two drugs are associated with gastritis C?

A

NSAIDs

Aspirin

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of bile reflux?

A

Post surgical complication

17
Q

What are the four clinical features of gastritis?

A

Epigastric Pain

Abdominal Distension

Heartburn Features

Nausea & Vomiting

18
Q

What two investigations are used to diagnose gastritis?

A

Helicobacter Pylori Testing

Endoscopy + Biopsy

19
Q

What two investigations are used to identify H.Pylori infection?

A

Urea Breath Test

Stool Antigen Test

20
Q

What is a urea breath test?

A

It involves consumption of a urea containing liquid, which is a chemical broken down by H.Pylori into ammonia and carbon dioxide

After fifteen minutes, the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled is measured

21
Q

What is a positive urea breath test?

A

Increased volumes of exhaled carbon dioxide

22
Q

What is a stool antigen test?

A

It involves testing a stool sample for the presence of H.Pylori infection

23
Q

What is the gold standard investigation of gastritis?

A

Endoscopy + biopsy

24
Q

What are the two features of gastritis on endoscopy?

A

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration

Mucosal Redness & Bleeding

25
Q

What are the three conservative management options of gastritis?

A

NSAID Cessation

Alcohol Cessation

Stress Reduction

26
Q

What are the four pharmacological management options of gastritis?

A

Antacid Drugs

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

H2 Receptor Antagonist

Antibiotics

27
Q

Name two antacid drugs used to manage gastritis

A

Gaviscon

Rennie

28
Q

When are antacid drugs used to manage gastritis?

A

They are over the counter medications that patients can be advised to purchase

29
Q

How do antacid drugs treat gastritis?

A

They can be administered to provide temporary symptomatic relief, however, don’t provide resolution of the underlying damage

30
Q

Name two proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used to manage gastritis

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

31
Q

When are proton pump inhibitors used to manage gastritis?

A

They are the first line management option

32
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) manage gastritis?

A

They inhibit gastric acid secretion by binding to the hydrogen potassium ATPase pump that resides on the luminal surface of the parietal cell membrane

This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal

33
Q

Name a H2 receptor antagonist used to manage gastritis

A

Ranitidine

34
Q

When are H2 receptor antagonists used to manage gastritis?

A

They are the second line management option

35
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists treat gastritis?

A

They inhibit gastric acid secretion and by binding to histamine type 2 receptors on the basolateral surface of gastric parietal cells

This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal

36
Q

Name three antibiotics are used to manage gastritis

A

Amoxicillin

Clarithromycin

Metronidazole

37
Q

When are antibiotics used to manage gastritis?

A

When gastritis is related to H.Pylori infection

38
Q

What are the three complications of gastritis?

A

Gastric Peptic Ulceration

Gastric Bleeding

Pernicious Anaemia

Year Two - Gastroenterology System (33 decks)

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