Rojo Amanecer en Lepanto

Question 1

1. his hand on the hilt of the sword that was sheathed at his waist [adj <- vb origin?]
2. Then he drew his sword [vb - to draw, a weapon only]
3. So I also drew my sword too just in time to parry his thrust. [1.vb - to parry][2. N <- vb origin- to stab]
4. You are a better swordsman than I expected.
5. his movements were co-ordinated and graceful, nothing like his appearance

Answer 1

1. su mano sobre la empuñadura de la espada que estaba envainada de su cintura [envainada <- envainar = to sheathe, weapon only]
2. A continuación desenvainó su espada [desvainar]
3. así que saqué también mi espada a tiempo para para su estocada [1. parar][2. estoquear]
4. sois mejor espadachín de lo que esperaba
5. sus movimientos eran coordinados y elegantes nada que ver con su aspecto

Question 2

1. Plenty of ships set sail from Balboa for the Netherlands
2. There’s no two yards of dry land in a row [adj, also consecutive]
3. the cathedral was built of sandy limestone
4. If that wasn’t enough, the king did not speak Flemish (exp also = to make matters worse)
5. we washed our hands of the problems in Flanders [loc vb - to wash one’s hands of]

Answer 2

1. Abundantes barcos zarpaban desde Balboa con destino a los Países Bajos
2. no hay dos metros seguidos de tierra firme
3. la catedral estaba construida con piedra caliza arenosa
4. Por si fuera poco, el rey no hablaba flamenco
5. nos desentendimos de los problemas de Flandes [vb - desentenderse de]

Question 3

1. There’s no time for slip-ups when a Frenchman attacks you. [Clue: slip up also = a lapse of concentration <- vb origin]
2. You exaggerate about the French - Not overly (or Not too much).
3. With him I happily (or gladly) I dedicated myself to practising my weapons handling.
4. with 300 sappers to widen roads in the steep valley. [adj <- vb origin?]
5. it permitted free passage to the troops provided (or as long as) they did not stay in the same place for more than two nights

Answer 3

1. No hay tiempo para los despistes cuando un francés te ataca [despiste <- despistar - to distract <- despistarse = to get distracted]
2. Exageráis con los franceses – No en demasía
3. Con él gustosamente me dediqué a practicar el manejo de las armas
4. con 300 zapadores para ensanchar caminos en el empinado valle [empinado <- empinarse = to get steeper]
5. se permitía el paso libre a las tropas con tal de que no permanecieran en el mismo lugar más de dos noches

Question 4

1. Mary Stuart had returned to Scotland soon after [] X arrived in Madrid.
2. a conspiracy of nobles had assassinated her husband [N conspiracy <- vb origin)
3. The nobility was given to luxury and pomp [also pagaentry]
4. respect for the laws and privileges [also mean charter, as in a historical grant of rights]

Answer 4

1. María Estuardo había vuelto a escocia al poco tiempo que X llegara a Madrid
2. una conjura de nobles había asesinado a su marido (conjura N <- conjurar – to conspire)
3. la nobleza era dada a los lujos y el fasto
4. al respeto de las leyes y fueros

Question 5

1. He was a godson of Charles V
2. setting aside our family kinship [as adj means kindred]
3. Perhaps my friend was not so misguided. [adj <vb origin?]
4. I deeply regret all the ups and downs
5. he had taken up as a hobby wandering through the brothels. [vb exp – to take up + vb eg smoking]

Answer 5

1. Era ahijado de Carlos V
2. dejando a un lado nuestro parentesco familiar
3. Quizás no fuera tan desencaminado mi amigo [<- desencaminar = to lead astray]
4. Lamento profundamente todos los avatares
5. había cogido como afición pasearse por los burdeles [haber cogido + inf, fumar]

Question 6

1. wrapped in a crimson velvet cloak embroidered with gold thread [N1. Change -o -> -a how change meaning? N2. what mean today?]
2. the royal retinue came out after her
3. they’re airheads (or they’re vapid) [exp + explain]
4. the bailiffs guarding the entrance [1. What N now refer (leg)? 2. vb not guardar]
5. matters of this kind

Answer 6

1. envuelta de un manto terciopelo carmesí bordado de canutillo de oro [1. mantO -> mantA = blanket. 2. canutillo <-ring binder + long cylindrical beads]
2. la comitiva real salieron tras ella
3. tienen la cabeza llena de serrín [tener la cabeza llena de serrin <- serrin = sawdust]
4. los alguaciles que custodiaban la entrada [now = court clerk]
5. asuntos de esta índole

Question 7

1. While my friend looked back, fooled by my ruse [or trick, an action intended to deceive]
2. The last few metres were very close (or tight) [Context, a race][adj <- vb origin + meaning I already know]
3. To solve this diplomatic stumbling block (or hurdle)[N < vb origin (naut)]
4. the bride and the bridegroom [N <- vb origin]
5. Don Juan was received by the viceroy

Answer 7

1. Mientras mi amigo miraba atrás, engañado por mi treta
2. los últimos metros fueron muy reñidos [adj <- reñir = 1. to squabble, or to row 2. to tell off]
3. Para solucionar este escollo diplomático [escollo (lit) = a reef <-escollar = to hit a reef or a rock]
4. los desposados [<- desposar- to marry + desposarse = to get married]
5. Don Juan fue recibido por el virrey

Question 8

1. off-centre in relation to the symmetrical axis of the façade
2. the Turks managed to break through the city walls [vb means?]
3. but Don Juan would not listen to reason [Clue: think vb (lit) = pay attention to]
4. despite the tight Turkish blockade they gained the coast by swimming [adj other meanings + <- N origin?]
5. the expression «to be a scapegoat or the fall guy» to refer to someone on whom all the blame falls on (or rests with).

Answer 8

1. . descentrada en relación con el eje de simetría de la fachada
2. los turcos lograron atravesar las murallas de ciudad [atravesar ->to get across or to go through)
3. pero Don Juan no atendía a razones
4. a pesar del férreo bloqueo turco, ganaron la costa a nado [adj = tight or close, eg game + strict <- hierro = iron)
5. la expresión «ser cabeza de turco» para referirse a alguien sobre quien recae toda la culpa (recaer)

Question 9

1. The garrison at Fort St Elmo lasted a month
2. His Majesty was cautious and did nothing without having everything well in hand [cautious <- vb origin?]
3. How are you your honour (or your grace)?
4. There I was pleasantly surprised to see Sofonisba [Clue: a formal sentence, no to be vb]
5. I told Don Juan what destiny had in store for me [fml vb = to bring, to afford, often use re the future]

Answer 9

1. Un mes duró la guarnición del fuerte de San Elmo
2. Su majestad era precavido y no hacía nada sin tener todo muy atado [precavido <-precavar = to guard against]
3. ¿Qué tal está vuestra merced?
4. Allí me llevé una grata sorpresa al ver a Sofonisba
5. relaté a don Juan lo que me deparaba el destino {deparar)

Question 10

1. a sword and a dagger, which allows hand-to-hand combat
2. … chaplain, surgeon and doctor
3. 300 men, under the command of a captain [phrase, also= in charge of]
4. The ensign’s mission is to guard the standard. [What is modern rank for ensign?]
5. He seemed very self-confident. [Clue: NOT paracer]

Answer 10

1. una espada y una daga, que permite combatir cuerpo a cuerpo
2. … capellán, cirujano y médico
3. trescientos hombres, al mando de un capitán
4. El alférez tiene por misión guardar la bandera [Second Lieutenant]
5. Se mostraba muy seguro de sí mismo. [mostrarse = portarse de cierto modo]

Question 11

1. he had established the guidelines to be followed in this type of work
2. a beautiful red satin dress [1. What else N mean IF an adj eg re a cucharilla 2. What N if a silk dress?]
3. we approached the bed [as in, a place to lie down + what mean re a river?]
4. Don Juan and I spent long hours watching over him [vb = to look after, or to watch over]
5. they were carrying in some stretchers the body of the saint wrapped in [a] shroud

Answer 11

1. había establecido las pautas por seguir en este tipo de obras
2. un hermoso vestido de raso rojo [1. N -> adj = level 2. seda]
3. nos acercamos al lecho [riverbed]
4. Don Juan y yo pasábamos largas horas velando por él [velar por]
5. traían en unas parihuelas el cuerpo del santo, envuelto en su sudario

Question 12

1. their feet bare and bloodied from the pebbles on the road
2. we used it like a battering ram to open it, ie the door [What N mean in soccer?]
3. There were some beautiful ceramic skirting boards [N - what commonly today?]
4. we crossed the moat by the drawbridge

Answer 12

1. los pies desnudos y ensangrentados por los guijarros del camino [ensangrentar = to bloody]
2. lo utilizamos como ariete para abrirla [striker]
3. Había unos hermosos zócalos de cerámica [a plinth eg on floor below kitchen cabinets]
4. cruzamos el foso por el puente levadizo

Question 13

1. the use of the rapier [Q1 : what N on own mean? 2. Alt N = rapier]
2. in the end it’s just a few parries, thrusts (or lunges) [N thrust<- vb origin?]
3. they moved away [for] a (little) while with the queen
4. a salmon satin brocade dress [1.Clue: spanish word order the reverse 2. the dress is like worn by Elizabeth 1 (ornate), or tunic style (medieval]]

Answer 13

1. el uso de la espada ropera (1. ropero/a = clothes seller <-ropa 2. estoque]
2. al final sólo son algunos paradas, estocadas … [estocada <- estoquear = to stab]
3. se alejaron un tiempo con la reina
4. una saya de brocado de raso asalmonado

Question 14

1. the large sail that was set diagonally on a low mast [vb - to set, to arrange]
2. five men to row at each oar [not remar]
3. How are the oarsmen used? They worked in shifts
4. the artillery is usually loaded with shrapnel [Exp: shapnel -> machine gun]
5. The rough sailor had become an indispensable assistant.

Answer 14

1. la gran vela que se disponía diagonalmente en un mástil bajo [disponer, in passive here]
2. cinco hombres para bogar en cada remo
3. ¿Cómo se utiliza a los remeros? Se trabaja por turnos
4. la artillería se suele cargar con metralla [metralla -> ametralladora]
5. El rudo marinero se había convertido en un ayudante indispensable

Question 15

1. No sooner had I recovered from my health problems than I had some good news. [NOT - en cuanto or tan pronto como]
2. Congratulations on your appointment
3. Don Juan spent the night with Maria, knowing that it might be the last time he would see her. [exp - to be aware of]
4. In command of six galleys, Don Juan travelled the entire coast of southern Andalusia.

Answer 15

1. Nada más recuperarme de mis problemas de salud tuve unas buenas noticias
2. Enhorabuena por vuestro nombramiento
3. Don Juan pasó la noche con María, sabedor de que podía ser la última vez que la veía. [ser sabedor de]
4. Al mando de seis galeras, don Juan recorrió toda la costa del sur de Andalucía.

Question 16

1. The news I received from France about her captivity in London was not at all encouraging. [Nb, in present tense]
2. As soon as he found out, he wrote me a letter bringing me update. [Q what is adverbial exp alt for?]
3. They remained talking a few minutes longer, but Don Juan had to leave.
4. I’ve got to go.
5. My friend gave a slight bow and was about to leave when [vb =to be about to or to get ready to do, s.th]

Answer 16

1. Las noticias que me llegan desde Francia sobre su cautiverío en Londres no son nada alentadores.
2. Nada más saberlo me escribió una carta en la que me ponía al corriente [nada más + inf = en cuanto or tan pronto como]
3. Permanecieron hablando algunos minutos más, pero don Juan debía irse.
4. Debo marcharme
5. Mi amigo hizo una leve reverencia y se disponía a marcharse cuando … [disponerse a + inf]

Question 17

1. It was going to be the first official portrait of Don Juan. [Why that to be?]
2. He had painted it flawlessly.
3. Don Juan did not agree with the direction/turn the conversation was taking. [What N mean on own?]
4. Don Juan understood that it was impossible to make him see reason.
5. The investigations did not bear any fruit [vb exp - to bear fruit]

Answer 17

1. Se iba [a] tratar del primer retrato oficial de don Juan [tratarse de = to be, when referring to s.th mentioned]
2. Lo había pintado de forma intachable
3. don Juan no estaba de acuerdo con el cariz que estaba tomando la conversación [Cariz = aspect, appearance]
4. Don Juan entendió que era imposible hacerle entrar en razón.
5. Las investigaciones no dieron ningún fruto [dar fruto]