1a. Global Migration

Question 1

Number of migrants living outside their home in 2020? % of economic migrants?

Answer 1

281 million, 70% of which are economic migrants

Question 2

% of world’s population living outside country of origin in 2020

Answer 2

3.6%

Question 3

EXAMPLE
Reasons for migrational flows to the UK

Answer 3

• employment (working age)
• family reunification
• students (unis)
• retirement overseas

Question 4

EXAMPLE
Main countries of origin for people immigrating to UK

Answer 4

• Pakistan
• India
• Poland

Question 5

EXAMPLE
Example of inter-regional migration

Answer 5

From Asia/Africa to Europe

Question 6

EXAMPLE: INTER-REGIONAL
Which countries in Europe took the most migrants and why?

Answer 6

Germany and Sweden, but want to go to UK due to:
- government policy
- jobs/wealth
- language similarities

Question 7

EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Where were most migrants coming from, what were push factors?

Answer 7

From Syria and Afghanistan due to war (2015 crisis)

Question 8

EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Main routes into Europe?

Answer 8

• Through Greek Islands
• Across Mediterranean sea (hazardous route, over 200 have drowned/gone missing)

Question 9

What does Lee’s model of migration argue the decision to migrate is based on?

Answer 9

a balance of the pull factors and push factors (whether its worth overcoming the intervening obstacles)

Question 10

EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Key push factors from Middle East and Africa

Answer 10

• dependent on remittances (economic)
• human rights abuses
• war (religious/political)
• media secrecy

Question 11

EXAMPLE : INTER-REGIONAL
Key pull factors to European countries

Answer 11

• jobs
• GNP per capita (economic improvement)
• HDI (quality of life)

Question 12

EXAMPLE
Example of intra-regional migration

Answer 12

Polish migrating to the UK within the EU

Question 13

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
The Schengen agreement

Answer 13

allows freedom of movement within most of the EU across internal borders

Question 14

CASE STUDY : INTRA-REGIONAL
When did migration within EU spike and why?

Answer 14

Many Eastern countries joined the EU in 2004

Question 15

% of migrant applications to UK between 2004-06 were from Poland?

Answer 15

62%

Question 16

EXAMPLE: INTRA-REGIONAL
Why are people migrating within the EU?

Answer 16

• less wealthy countries joined EU so young migrants seek higher wages
• access healthcare, pensions, retire overseas
• shared laws, easy to study/work abroad

Question 17

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Who is migrating from Poland to UK and why?

Answer 17

Working age men (18-35) for better paid jobs (families often join them later)

Question 18

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
What kind of work do Polish immigrants do?

Answer 18

Picking, packing, construction for men

Usually more enthusiastic to work than Brits

Question 19

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Benefits to the UK?

Answer 19

• Filled labour shortage (jobs that cannot be filled)
• young migrants with money to spend join consumer culture
  (Tesco’s stock over 100 polish items)
• Polish businesses rejuvenating deprived areas

Question 20

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Problems/pressures it has created for UK?

Answer 20

• Not enough funding for doctors/schools to cope with immigrants
• Press stories of migrants taking Brits jobs creates tension
• Skills shortage (doctors)
• Possible discrimination (migrants must work year before seeking benefits)

Question 21

EXAMPLE: INTRA-REGIONAL
How do people in towns such as Peterborough feel about the mass immigration? How many have moved there?

Answer 21

Feel their town has been taken over/changed

Taken 20,000

Question 22

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Advantages of emigration for Poland?

Answer 22

• migrant remittances boost economy
  (£4 million a year)
• Women can get jobs as most men have migrated

Question 23

EXAMPLE : INTRA-REGIONAL
Disadvantages of emigration for Poland?

Answer 23

• lack the essential workers needed to run the country
• divorce rates have doubled in 7 years (long distance)

Question 24

Number of migrants living outside their home in 2020? % of economic migrants?

Answer 24

281 million, 70% of which are economic migrants