Describe The Structure And Function Of Bones

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of bones?

Answer 1

1. Providing the body framework
2. giving attachment to muscles and tendons
3. Allowing movement of the body as a whole and parts of the body, by forming joints that are moved by muscles.
4. Forming the bandies of the cranium sthoax and pelvis, and protecting the Organs they contain.
5. Haemopoiesis, the production of the blood cells in red bone marrow.
6. Mineral storage, especially calcium phosphate - the mineral reservoir within bone is essential for maintenance of blood calcium levels, which must be tightly controlled.

Question 2

Describe the texture / structure of spongy bone tissue

Answer 2

1. Spongy
2. Porous
3. Highly vascularised

Reduces bone density
Allows end of long bones to compress as a result of repeated stress

Question 3

Describe the texture / structure of compact bone tissue

Answer 3

1. Makes up the hard outer layer, compact due to its minimal, gaps and spaces
2. Tissue gives bones their smooth, white and solid appearance, accounts for 80% of totes, bone mass.
3. Contains nerves and blood vessels

Question 4

Describe the structure of a long bone

Answer 4

Key components:
- shaft ( diaphysis) - compact bone
- 2 extremities ( epiphysis) - spongy bone
- vascular membrane (periosteum)

• Outer layer is tough / fibrous to protect bone underneath
• inner layer contains bone cells for bone production and breakdown, repair and remodelling
• main arterial nutrient supply to diaphysis.
• epiphysis has its own blood supply
• bone is full of nerves