Amount of Substance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a total ionic equation?

A

A chemical equation that shows all the ions in a reaction

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2
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that don’t get involved in the reaction. They don’t change charge

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3
Q

Give the ionic equation for NaOH + HCl –> NaCl + H2O

A

OH- + H+ –> H2O

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4
Q

State what is meant by the term ‘relative atomic mass’

A

The average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th the mass of a 12C atom

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5
Q

State what is meant by the term ‘relative molecular mass’

A

The average mass of an molecule compared to 1/12th the mass of a 12C atom

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6
Q

What is Avogadro’s number and what is meant by this term?

A

6.023x (10 to the power 23)
It is the number of atoms found to be in 12g o 12C

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7
Q

How can you work out mass using Mr and moles?

A

Mass = Mr x moles

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8
Q

How do you work out the number of molecules in a certain amount of a substance?

A

Find the moles and then times that by Avogadro’s number

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9
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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10
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

pV=nRT

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11
Q

What do the letters represent in the ideal gas equation, and what are the units for each?

A

pV=nRT
p=pressure in Pascals
V=volume in metres cubed
n=moles
R=gas constant (8.31 Jk-1mol-1)
T=temperature in Kelvin

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12
Q

O*C is how many Kelvin?

A

273K

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13
Q

What do you have to do to convert from cm3 to dm3?

A

divide by 1000

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14
Q

What do you have to do to convert from cm3 to m3?

A

divide by 1,000,000

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15
Q

Give three reasons why 100% yield may not be obtained

A

-the reaction is reversible
-some of the product is lost when it is separated from the reaction mixture
-some of the reactants may react in other reactions

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16
Q

How do you calculate % yield?

A

Actual/theoretical x100

17
Q

State what is meant by atom economy

A

The measure of what proportion of the products of a reaction are desired and how much is waste

18
Q

What can a company do to maximise profits when a reaction has a low atom economy, without changing the reaction conditions or production costs?

A

Sell unwanted products

19
Q

How can you calculate moles from concentration and volume?

A

moles = concentration x volume