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Anatomy > Lecture Five > Flashcards

Lecture Five Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic system causes what to the eye lids?

A

opens them wider

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2
Q

which foramen is located just under the orbit?

A

infraorbital foramen

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3
Q

Inferior orbital fissure is located where?

A

below superior orbital fissure in the orbit of the eye

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4
Q

Lacrimal gland is located where?

A

between eyebrow and eye.

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5
Q

sphenopalatine foramen located where?

A

between sphenoid and palatine bone, right above pterygopalatine fossa.

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6
Q

Nerve of the pterygoid canal also called?

A

vidian nerve

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7
Q

Vidian nerve arises from which nerve? therefore synapses in which area?

A

Facial nerve therefore the preganglionic parasympathetic portion synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion which is in the pterygopalatine fossa.

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8
Q

Maxillary sinus: air or fluid filled? other sinuses?

A

Air.

all others air filled except cavernous sinus which is filled with deoxy blood.

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9
Q

The lateral wall of the orbit is formed anteriorly by which bone? posteriorly by?

A

Zygomatic, Sphenoid

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10
Q

The roof of the orbit is formed by which structures?

A

lesser wing of sphenoid (posteriorly) and frontal bone

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11
Q

The medial wall of the orbit is made up by which structures?

A

Lacrimal bone (most anterior), ethmoid bone, palatine (most posterior)

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12
Q

The floor of the orbit made up of what structures?

A

Maxilla (mostly) and zygomatic bone.

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13
Q

Inferior orbital fissure contains what passing through it?

A

infraorbital artery and vein, infraorbital and zygomatic branches of the maxillary nerve and branches from inferior opthalamic vein.

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14
Q

What are openings by the ethmoid bone called?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina.

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15
Q

The greater and deep petrosal are parasympathetic or sympathetic? where do they synapse? post or pregang? Where do they pass?

A

Greater petrosal nerve is a preganglionic parasympathetic (of CN 7) nerve and synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Deep petrosal is a postganglionic sympathetic nerve.

Both nerves pass through the vidian/pterygoid canal

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16
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve is pregang or post gang?parasymp or symp? gives input to where which is located?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic input to otic ganglion (located in infratemporal fossa).

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17
Q

The post ganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves pass into the orbit through which fissure? along with which nerve? and they innervate which gland?

A

infraorbital fissure along with the zygomatic nerve and innervate the lacrimal galdn.

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18
Q

The postganglion nerve fibres travel into the orbit with which branch?

A

zygomatic branch of CN V2.

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19
Q

The trigeminal nerve CNV2 passes out of skull through which foramen? and then under the orbit as which nerve?

A

Foramen rotundum (maxillary branch) and comes out as infraorbital nerve.

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20
Q

Ethmoid sinus is located very close to where? air filled or fluid? can cause what if infected?

A

Air filled, right next to optic canal (therefore optic nerve). Could cause blindness or optic neuritis.

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21
Q

Orbital fractures usually occur where? could also cause?

A

along sutures or fractures in thin medial walls (blow out fractures)

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22
Q

Orbital fracture where could cause trapping of the inferior oblique? which eye movement would be affected?

A

Floor, could affect eye movements upwards.

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23
Q

Fracture in the roof of the orbit could cause what?

A

pulsatile proptosis

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24
Q

All EOM muscles originate from the annulus of zin except for? where does it originate from?

A

Inferior oblique, originates from the anterior margin of orbit and attaches at the back of the eye.

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25
Q

The two different layers of the levator palpebral superioris muscle are?

A

striated voluntary and smooth involuntary.

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26
Q

Whats unique about the superior oblique?

A

comes from annulus of zin and goes through the trochlea (pulley and then goes back to attach at back of eye.

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27
Q

Superior rectus turns eye which direction? Inferior rectus?

A

Up, can also slightly rotate inward.

Down, can also slightly rotate outward.

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28
Q

Oculomotor nerve innervates which EOM muscles?

A

Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpebral superioris muscle.

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29
Q

Which are the exceptions of innervation by CN3?

A

Superior oblique which is innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN4) and lateral rectus which is innervated by the abducent nerve (CN6)

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30
Q

If the eye is straight, the superior oblique can move it in which direction? inferior oblique?

A

inward, outward.

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31
Q

Does the optic nerve go through the annulus of zin?

A

YES.

32
Q

What are the three coverings in the eye?

A
  1. Fascial sheath: CT, covers muscles
  2. Periorbita: lines the orbit
  3. Tenon’s capsule: sheath that covers eye/globe continuous with fascial sheath.
33
Q

Lateral and Medial Palpebral check ligaments restrict motion of which muscles? there are also muscles restricting motion in which direction?

A

Horizontal recti muscles

Vertical recti muscles

34
Q

Contraction of inferior rectus moves eye where?

A

DOWN

35
Q

Can a contact lens disappear at the back of the eye?

A

NO. prevented by ligaments holding sheath.

36
Q

Which EOM is the closest to the iris?

A

Medial rectus (5.5mm)

37
Q

Which EOM has the shortest tendon length?

A

Medial Rectus (4mm)

38
Q

What is the attachment angle (from saggital plane) of superior oblique? Inferior oblique?

A

55 degrees

50 degrees

39
Q

Which EOM muscle has the longest length? rest are all around? Superior and Inferior rectus muscles are at which angle from saggital plane?

A

Superior Rectus 42mm, rest are all around 40mm.

23 degrees

40
Q

Which EOM has two origins in the annulus of zin?

A

Lateral rectus one upper and one lower.

41
Q

Orbits are angled at what degree?

A

45 degrees

42
Q

When eye is abducted 23 degrees from saggital plane, the superior rectus produces what movement? inferior rectus does what?

A

eye moves up (elevation only)

eye moves down (depression only)

43
Q

When eye is adducted 55 degrees the superior oblique does what? inferior?

A

moves eye down (depression only)

Moves eye up (elevation only)

44
Q

Intortion is what kind of movement? Extorsion?

A

when eye rotates towards nose

when eye rotates outwards

45
Q

Which four nerves enter the orbit?

A

Trigeminal (first two branches), Oculomotor, Abducent and Trochlear.

46
Q

The opthalamic division of the trigeminal nerve divides into what three divisions?

A
  1. nasocillary
  2. frontal
  3. lacrimal
47
Q

Long cillary nerves pass to which area of the eye? how many?

A

Cornea, two of them one of either side.

48
Q

Nasocillary nerve branches off into what two nerves that go to the ethmoid sinus?

A

Anterior and posterior nerve

49
Q

What two nerves pass through cillary ganglion? Do they both synapse?

A

CN3 and CN5, only CN3 synapses.

50
Q

What do the short cillary nerves supply?

A

Ring around optic nerve and supply the choroid.

51
Q

Ramus communicans branches off what nerve?

A

Nasocillary

52
Q

The frontal nerve division branches into what two nerves? What do these two nerves innervate?

A

Supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve

Conjunctiva and forehead.

53
Q

What is the largestt branch of the opthalamic nerve (CN5V1)?

A

largest=frontal

54
Q

What does the lacrimal nerve do?

A

goes straight to lacrimal gland.

55
Q

Maxillary nerve enters where after coming from foramen rotundum? What does it become?

A

Inferior orbital fissure.

Infraorbital nerve

56
Q

Maxillary nerve branches off into what? whcih then branches into?

A

Zygomatic branch whcih branches into zygomaticotemporal nerve and zygomaticofacial nerve.

57
Q

The zygomatic nerve connects with what other nerve?

A

lacrimal nerve.

58
Q

Oculomotor nerve has what two branches? what do they each innervate?

A

Superior branch: superior rectus and levator palpebral superioris

Inferior branch: medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique.

59
Q

What are the five nerves that pass through annulus of zin?

A

nasocillary, superior and inferior oculomotor, abducent and optic nerve.

60
Q

Which three nerves do not pass through annulus of zin?

A

Trochlear, frontal and lacrimal.

61
Q

Upper eyelid is innervated by?

A

Lacrimal, supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

62
Q

Lower eye lid innervated by?

A

zygomatico, infraorbital and infratrochlear nerves

63
Q

The three branches of the opthalamic artery (arising from internal carotid artery) are?

A

Ocular, orbital and extraorbital

64
Q

opthalamic artery uses which canal to enter orbit?

A

Optic Canal

65
Q

Ocular branch of opthalamic artery divides into what?

A

Central Retinal Artery and Ciliary Arteries (short posterior, long posterior and anterior).

66
Q

the long posterior ciliary arteries supply what? the short? the anterior?

A

long: anterior choroid
short: posterior choroid, supplies ring around optic nerve.
anterior: conjunctiva and ciliary body

67
Q

Central retinal artery supplies what?

A

carries blood to the eye specifically the optic nerve and pia mater.

68
Q

The orbital division of the opthalamic artery divides into? they supply what?

A

Lacrimal artery (supplies lateral and superior rectus) and muscular arteries.

69
Q

Where do the muscular arteries come from?

A

lacrimal artery, supraorbital artery and infraorbital artery (branch of maxillary NOT opthalamic, innervates IO and IR).

70
Q

The extraorbital division of the opthalamic artery branches into? what do they supply?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (supplies ethmoidal sinus), supraorbital arteries (suppies SR, SO, LPS, forehead), supratrochlear arteries (forehead), dorsonasal arteries (lacrimal sac) and medial palpebral arteries.

71
Q

2 anterior ciliary arteries arise from each rectus muscle except for which one?

A

lateral rectus muscle, it only has one.

72
Q

What is the major circle of iris derived from?

A

anterior ciliary arteries.

73
Q

What are the four ways the eye can get blood supply?

A
  1. CRA
  2. Short and long posterior ciliary arteries
  3. muscular arteries
74
Q

What are the main drainage routes for the orbital cavity? is one larger? if so, what is it formed by? Do both these veins drain inside or outside annulus of zin?

A

Superior and Inferior opthalamic veins. Yes the superior, formed by supraorbital vein and angular vein.
outside.

75
Q

three main drainage routes in the orbital cavity?

A
  1. cavernous sinus
  2. out through angular vein, then into facial vein
  3. pterygoid venous plexus.
76
Q

2/3 of the upper and lower lids drain into which node? the medial angle drains into which node?

A

superficial parotid node (preauricle)

submandibular node

Anatomy (18 decks)

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