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Physics Paper 2 > P12: Waves > Flashcards

P12: Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of transverse wave?

A

Ripples on water, electromagnetic and waves of strings

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2
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound and p-waves

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3
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position

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4
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

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5
Q

What is the frequency?

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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6
Q

What is the wave speed? What is the formula?

A

The speed at which the wave transfers energy through the medium. Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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7
Q

What is the range of normal human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20KHz

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8
Q

What DON’T waves transfer?

A

Matter

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9
Q

What is the formula for wave frequency?

A

Number of oscillations / time

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10
Q

What is true about a particle in a wave?

A

It will always return to its rest position

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11
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave which has oscillations perpendicular to the direction in which the waves transfer energy

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12
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave which has oscillations parallel to the direction in which the waves transfer energy

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13
Q

Describe evidence that a wave moves and not the substance (e.g. water)

A

When an object is dropped on water, the waves spread out and travel across the surface

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14
Q

Describe evidence that a sound wave moves and not the air

A

The sound waves travel through the air in a tuning fork, but the air doesn’t travel away from the vibrating object as it would cause a vacuum

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15
Q

What is the relationship between amplitude and the energy a wave carries?

A

The bigger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries

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16
Q

Describe a method to measure the speed of sound in air

A

Two people should stand apart, and one of them should bang 2 cymbals together. The crashing sound will delay as sound travels slower than light. Use a stopwatch to time the interval between seeing and hearing. Repeat several times and calculate mean. Use speed = distance/time

17
Q

What do the parallel lines on a ripple tank represent?

A

The peak of a wave

18
Q

What changes and stays the same when waves travel from one medium to another?

A

Wavelength and speed changes but frequency stays the same

19
Q

Why does frequency remain constant when waves travel from one medium to another?

A

Because the source is producing the same number of oscillations per second

20
Q

What is the effect of sound waves on the ear drum?

A

Sound waves enter the ear and cause the ear drums to vibrate, sending signals to the brain about what is being heard.

21
Q

What are 2 uses of ultrasound?

A

Foetus scanning and dog whistles

22
Q

In what state of matter is the speed of sound highest and why?

A

Solids because they are more rigid and hard to compress

23
Q

What seismic wave is longitudinal?

A

P-waves

24
Q

What seismic wave cannot travel through liquids?

A

S-waves

25
Q

What property of water can be found using ultrasound?

A

Depth

26
Q

What does the do to seismic waves?

A

Causes the rarefaction of them

27
Q

What is the easiest way to record wavelength, frequency and speed of a wave in a ripple tank?

A

Record on the phone to play at different speeds and freeze image

28
Q

What does wavespeed depend on in the ‘waves in a solid’ practical?

A

The tautness of the string and the mass

29
Q

What determines whether a wave is absorbed, transmitted or reflected?

A

The wavelength and property of material

30
Q

What happens to the refracted ray when moving from a less dense material to more dense?

A

Moves towards the normal and slows down

31
Q

What happens to the refracted ray when moving from a less dense material to more dense?

A

Moves towards the normal and slows down

32
Q

What seismic wave is faster?

A

P-waves

Physics Paper 2 (9 decks)

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