Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine for Finals > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Spironolactone: electrolyte disturbances

A

hyperkalaemia (especially if also on ACEi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NSAIDs: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyperkalaemia (via prostaglandin synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

trimethoprim: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

digoxin: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyperkalaemia (inhibits Na-K ATPase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thiazides: electrolyte disturbance

A

hypokalaemia
hyponatraemia (hypovolaemic)
hypercalcaemia
metabolic alkalosis (mild - due to chloride loss)
hyperuricaemia (caution in gout)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

loop diuretics: electrolyte disturbance

A

hypokalaemia
hypernatraemia (hypovolaemic)
hypomagnesaemia
hypocalcaemia
metabolic alkalosis (due to chloride loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TURP syndrome: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACE inhibitors: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyponatraemia (hypovolaemic)
hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: electrolyte disturbance

A

type 2 (proximal) renal tubular acidosis (hypokalaemia and osteomalacia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PPI: electrolyte disturbance

A

hyponatraemia
hypomagnesaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

warfarin: interactions

A
  • enzyme modifying drugs (amiodarone, ciprofloxacin)
  • NSAIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

warfarin: side effects

A
  • haemorrhage
  • skin necrosis
  • purple toes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

warfarin: recommendations around pregnancy

A

pregnancy = contra-indicated (teratogenic)
breast feeding = safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DOAC: side effects

A
  • haemorrhage
  • GI upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aspirin: side effects

A
  • GI upset
  • haemorrhage, haemoptysis or haematemesis
  • heartburn
  • rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aspirin: interactions

A
  • potentiates oral hypoglycaemics, warfarin, steroids#
  • other NSAIDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

loop diuretics: side effects

A
  • hypotension
  • ototoxicity
  • renal impairment (direct and due to dehydration)
  • hyperuricaemia (gout)
  • hyperglycaemia (rate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thiazide diuretics: side effects

A
  • dehydration and postural hypotension
  • hyperuricaemia (gout)
  • hyperglycaemia (common)
  • erectile dysfunction

Rare SEs include thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, photosensitivity rash, pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spironolactone: side effects

A

gynaecomastia (not eplerenone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ACE inhibitor: side effects

A
  • first dose hypotension
  • dry cough
  • angioedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ACE inhibitor: recommendations around pregnancy

A

pregnancy = contra-indicated
breast feeding = contra-indicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ACE inhibitor: contra-indications

A

renovascular disease or aortic stenosis (perpetuates AKI)

23
Q

calcium channel blockers: interactions

A

beta blockers (causes heart block)

24
Q

beta blockers: interactions

A

calcium channel blockers (causes heart block)

25
Q

beta blockers: contra-indications

A
  • asthma
  • acute HF with shock OR HR < 50 OR 2nd/3rd deg heart block
26
Q

beta blockers: side effects

A
  • cool peripheries [propranolol]
  • bronchospasm
  • fatigue and sleep disturbance
  • erectile dysfunction
27
Q

beta blockers: side effects

A
  • cool peripheries [propranolol]
  • bronchospasm
  • fatigue and sleep disturbance
  • erectile dysfunction
28
Q

beta blockers: electrolyte disturbance

A

mild hyperkalaemia

29
Q

PPI: side effects

A
  • diarrhoea
  • osteoporosis
  • microscopic colitis
  • C difficile infections
  • aspiration pneumonia
30
Q

statin: side effects

A
  • myopathy (myalgia and myositis, rhabdomyolysis)
  • liver impairment
31
Q

statin: recommendations around pregnancy

A

pregnancy = contraindicated (teratogenic)
breast feeding = contraindicated

32
Q

statin: monitoring

A

Baseline, 3mo and 12mo LFT

33
Q

amiodarone: side effects

A
  • bradycardia
  • hypo or hyperthyroidism
  • pulmonary fibrosis or pneumonitis
  • liver fibrosis or hepatitis
  • jaundice
  • change to taste
  • slate grey skin discolouration
  • raised transaminases
  • nausea and constipation
34
Q

warfarin: monitoring

A

For VTE or AF, aim INR 2.5
For recurrent VTE, aim INR 3.5
For mechanical valve, follow manufacturer’s guidelines

If INR >8, stop and give oral Vit K, re-check in 24hrs

35
Q

Rivaroxaban, Apixaban and Edoxaban: mechanism of action, effects on clotting assays and antidote

A

Factor Xa inhibitors
Increase in PT > APTT
Give andexanet alfa

36
Q

Dabigatran: mechanism of action, effects on clotting assays and antidote

A

Factor IIa (thrombin) inhibitor
Increase in APTT > PT
Give idarucizumab

37
Q

warfarin: side effects

A
  • GI upset
38
Q

warfarin: sick day rules

A

stop for intercurrent illness, dehydration or AKI

39
Q

gliptin (e.g. sitagliptin): effects on weight

A

weight neutral

40
Q

gliptin (e.g. sitagliptin): hypo risk

A

low risk

41
Q

gliptin (e.g. sitagliptin): side effects

A
  • GI disturbance
  • pancreatitis
  • urticaria
42
Q

gliptin (e.g. sitagliptin): mechanism of action

A

prolongs the half-life of GLP-1

43
Q

pioglitazone: mechanism of action

A

increases peripheral insulin sensitivity

44
Q

pioglitazone: effects on weight

A

weight gain

45
Q

pioglitazone: contra-indications

A

HF (due to fluid retention -> oedema)

46
Q

pioglitazone: hypo risk

A

low risk

47
Q

sulfonylurea (e.g. glicazide): mechanism of action

A

increases insulin secretion

48
Q

sulfonylurea (e.g. glicazide): hypo risk

A

high risk

49
Q

sulfonylurea (e.g. glicazide): contra-indications

A

CKD 3+
CVD

50
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor (glifozins): effect on weight

A

weight loss

51
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor (glifozins): side effects

A
  • GU infections
  • Fournier’s gangrene
  • Euglycaemic DKA
52
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor (glifozins): beneficial side effects

A

reduces BP and helps in HF and CKD

53
Q

pioglitazone: beneficial side effects

A

increases HDL and reduces NASH

Medicine for Finals (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions