Anti-emetics Flashcards
Name 5 causes of vomiting
V - Vestibular
O - Obstruction
M - Meds: Opiates / Abx
I - infection
T - Toxins: Urea / Hypercalcaemia
I - Intracranial: Raised ICP / Menigitis
N - Nerves / Anxiety
G - GI stasis
Describe cyclizine as an anti-emetic
Antihistmaine and anticholinergic effects
Good for:
Bowel obstruction
Vestibualr causes
Motion induced
Raised ICP
Name 2 adverse effects of cyclizine
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Drowsiness
Addictive
Describe the MOA of haloperidol
Dopamine receptor antagonist
How is haloperidol useful as an anti-emetic
Chemical causes of nausea - Raised calcium
Describe the MOA of metoclopramide
D2 receptor antagonist
Describe metoclopramide as an anti-emetic
Prokinetic in stomach and small bowel
Useful for gastric stasis
CI: Bowel obstruction
Name 2 adverse effects of metoclopramide
Prolongs QT interval
Risk of EPSE - Avoid in young women
Dykinesia - acute dystonia
What antiemetic is safe to use in Parkinsons patients and why
Metoclopramide - croses BBB
Domperidone does not cross BBB
What is the MOA of ondansetron
5HT3 receptor antagonist
How is ondansetron useful as an antiemetic
Idea following chemotherapy - good at preventing nausea
Use at time of chemotherapy
Name an adverse effect of ondansetron
Constipation - slows gastric transit
What is the MOA of prochloperazine
Dopamine antagonsit
Name 1 side effect of prochlorperazine
Sedating
