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Adv. Health Assessment > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

0
Q

Keratinization disorders

A

Inherited and attributed to X-linked ichthyosis or excessive scaling of the skin

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1
Q

Mechanibullous disorders

A

Such as epidermolysis bullosa are caused by defects of collagen and proteins.

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2
Q

Macule

A

<1cm diameter, flat, non palpable, circumscribed, discolored
Brown - freckle, junctionall nevus, lentigo malasma
blue- Mongolian spot, ochronosis
Red - drug eruption, viral exanthema, secondary syphilis
Hypopigment - vitiligo

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3
Q

Dioscopy

A

Compression usually through applying a microscope slide with pressure to help identify a lesion of vascular origin
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/IMAGES/leischne/scan71.JPG

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5
Q

Patch

A

> 1cm diameter, flat, non palpable, irregular shape, discolored
Brown- lg freckle, junctional nevus, lentigo, melasma
Blue - Mongolian spot, ochronosis
Red- syphilis, drug eruption, viral exanthema

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6
Q

Papule

A

<1 cm in diameter, raised, palpable and firm
Light colored - flat wart, millium, sebaceious hyperplasia
Blue - venous lake, lichen planus, melanoma
Brown, seborrheic kerratosis, melanoma, dermatofibroma, nevi
Red - acne, cherry angioma, early follculitis, psoriasis, urticaria

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7
Q

nodule

A

> 1cm, raised, solid

often warts, xanthoma, prirgo nodularis, neurofirbromatosis,

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8
Q

plaque

A

> 1cm, raised, superficial, flat-topped and rough

often psoriasis, discoid lupus, tinea corporis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis

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9
Q

tumor

A

large nodule

ex. metastatic carcinoma or sporotrichosis

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10
Q

vesicle

A

<1cm, superficially raised and filled with serous fluid

ex, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, erythema multiforme, impetigo

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11
Q

bulla

A

> 1cm vesicle

ex. pemphigus, herpes gestationis, fixed drug eruption

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12
Q

pustule

A

raised, superficial, filled with cloudy, purulent fluid

ex acne, candidiasis, rosacea, impetigo, folliculitis

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13
Q

wheal

A

raised, irregular area of edema, solid, transient, variable size
ex, hives, cholinergic urticaria, angioedema, dermatographism

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14
Q

cyst

A

raised, circumscribed, encapsulated with a wall and lumen, filled with liquid or semisolid
ex. digital mucus, epidermal inclusion, pilar

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15
Q

scale

A

irregular formation of exfoliated, keratinized cells, irregular shape and size
ex psoriasis, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis

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16
Q

crust

A

dried serum, blood or exudate, slightly elevated

ex impetego, tinea capitis, acute eczematous inflammation

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17
Q

lichenification

A

thickened epidermis with accentuated skin lines caused by rubbing
ex lichen simplex chronicus

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18
Q

scar

A

thin or thick fibrous tissue, following dermal injury

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19
Q

fissure

A

linea break in skin through epidermis and dermis

ex. hand dermatitis, intertrigo

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20
Q

excoriation

A

hollowed-out area of all or portion of epidermis with depressed appearance
ex eczema, insect bite, acne excorie

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21
Q

erosion

A

localized loss of epidermis, heals without scarring

ex herpes simplex, perieche

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22
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidemis and dermis, variations in size

ex decubitus, stasis ulcer, facititial ulcer, pyoderma gangreosum

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23
Q

atrophy

A

depression resulting from loss of epidermis and or dermis

ex morphea, striae, aging, dermatomyositis, topical and intralesional steroids

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24
Q

burrow

A

a narrow, elevated channel produced by the parasite scabes

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25
Q

telangiectasia

A

superficial dilated blood vessel

ex rosacea, side effect of topical steroids

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26
Q

petechiae

A

<1 cm circumscribed deposit of blood

ex gonococcemia, meningococcemia

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27
Q

purpura

A

> 1cm circumscribed deposit of blood

ex. senile traumatic purpura

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28
Q

nummular arrangement pattern

A

coin shaped

ex numular eczema

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29
Q

annular arrangement pattern

A

circular or ring shaped

ex tinea corporis

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30
Q

linear arrangement pattern

A

line formation

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31
Q

arciform arrangement pattern

A

arch shaped

ex drug reaction

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32
Q

grouped arrangement pattern

A

occurring closely together

ex herpes zoster

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33
Q

gyrate arrangement pattern

A

convoluted, serpinigous shape (wavy, serpant-like)

ex creeping eruption

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34
Q

pediculosis capitis

A

head lice

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35
Q

longitudinal ridging of nail bed

A

age related change

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36
Q

nail pitting

A

manifestation of psoriasis

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37
Q

thickening, opacification, crumbling of nail

A

signs of fungal infection (KOH test)

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38
Q

separation of nail plate from nail bed

A

trauma related or Pseudamonas

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39
Q

pigmented longitudinal bands on nail bed

A

common among blacks but can also be a sign of acral melanoma

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40
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune cell mediated problem affecting any hair grown surface, occurring in 1-5cm rounded or oval patches

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41
Q

Nikolsky’s sign

A

shearing away of the epidermis from the dermis with lateral pressure (ex blisters)

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42
Q

PQRST

A

precipitating factors, quality, radiation, severity, timing

43
Q

infectious diseases associated with skin changes

A

chickenpox, measles, impetigo, pityriasis rosacea

44
Q

common chronic skin problems

A

acne, rosacea, psoriasis, eczema

45
Q

other systems for which disorder may effects the skin

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, immunologic and endocrine

46
Q

adrenocorticosteroids - possible effects on the skin

A

urticaria, atrophy/thinning acne, facial erthema, allergic dermatitis, petechiae, ecchymoses
ex methylprednisolone, prednisone, corticotropin,

47
Q

carbamezapin - possible effects on the skin

A

pruritic rash, roxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens Johnsons syndrome

48
Q

valproate - possible effects on the skin

A

alopecia

49
Q

phenytoin sodium - possible effects on the skin

A

Morbilliform (measles like) rash, excessive hair growth

50
Q

ethosuximide (anticonvulsant) - possible effects on the skin

A

urticaria, pruritis and erythematous rashes

51
Q

chloroquine phosphate (antimalarial) - possible effects on the skin

A

pruritis, pigmentary changes, lichen planus-like eruptions

52
Q

neomycin sulfate - possible effects on the skin

A

hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia, urticaria, erythematous swelling, hyperpigmentation, patchy hyperkeratosis, alopecia

53
Q

busulfan (antineoplastic) - possible effects on the skin

A

cheilosis, melanoderma, urticaria, dry skin, alopecia, anhidrosis

54
Q

cyclophosphamide - possible effects on the skin

A

pigmientary chianges (both skin and nails) and alopecia

55
Q

barbituates (pentobarbitol or phenobarbitol)- possible effects on the skin

A

urticaria, varied rashes

56
Q

cephalosporins - possible effects on the skin

A

rash, pruritis, urticaria, erythema multiforme

57
Q

gold salts - possible effects on the skin

A

rash, pruritus, photosensitivity, urticaria

58
Q

NSAIDS - possible effects on the skin

A

rash, pruritis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, photosensitivity

59
Q

Oral antidiabetics - possible effects on the skin

A

photosensitivity, varied eruptions

60
Q

penicillins - possible effects on the skin

A

urticaria, erythema, maculopapular rash, pruritis

61
Q

phenothiazines - possible effects on the skin (chlopromazine HCL, thioridiazine HCL, trifluoperozine HCL)

A

urticaria, pruritisu, dermatoses, photosensitivity, erythema, eczema, exfoliative dermatitis

62
Q

sulfonamides - possible effects on the skin

A

rash, pruritis, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity

63
Q

tetracyclines - possible effects on the skin

A

photosensitivity

64
Q

allopurinol - poss. effects on the skin

A

pruritis, maculopapular rash, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, erythematous dermatitis

65
Q

captopril - possible effects on the skin

A

maculopapular rash, pruritis, erythema

66
Q

oral contraceptive - possible effects on the skin

A

maculopapular rash, pruritis, erythema, urticaria

67
Q

thiazide diuretics - possible effects on the skin

A

photosensitivity

68
Q

lithium - possible effects on the skin

A

acne

69
Q

warfarin - possible effects on the skin

A

skin necrosis

70
Q

conditions assoc. with bronze pigmentation changes

A

Addison’s Dz (primary adrenal insuffuciency), hemochromatosis

71
Q

conditions assoc. with tan pigment changes

A

chloasma (pregnancy), lupus, scleroderma, ichthyosis, sprue, tinea versicolor

72
Q

conditions assoc. with yellow pigment change

A

uremia, jaundice, hepatic diseases, carotenemia

73
Q

conditions assoc. with dusky blue pigment change

A

arsenic poisoning, cyanosis

74
Q

conditions assoc. with red pigment change

A

polycythemia

75
Q

conditions assoc. with pallor

A

anemia, vitiligo, ablinism

76
Q

common causes of dry skin

A

winter weather, dehydration, myxedema, chronic nephritis, older age

77
Q

HSV 1 and HSV 2

A

a viral condition, affecting skin and mucosa, may be a recurring lesion in teh same location, usually consisiting of multple vesicles, clustered and often precended by tender erythema or prodromal Sx. Common sites are perioral/ perigential. Primary episode often accompanied by fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy. Usually diagnosed based on history and presentation. progress from an area of redness to form a vesicle, then become pustular, then ulcerate.

78
Q

Herpetic Whitlow

A

a herpetic lesion on the finger - usually the result of self-contamination

79
Q

varciella-zoster

A

varizella-zoster virus causes chickenpox, a common childhood Dz. Onset is usually noticed with skin lesions, which first appear scattered on the truck and then extend to extremities. progress from an area of redness to form a vesicle, then become pustular, then ulcerate. Intensely pruritic. Systemic Sx can be sever, complications include pneumonia, encephalitis and death.

80
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

caused by the varicella zoster virus, reactivated, in adults and immune compromised. Lesions are often preceded by neuralgia and discomfort, as well as malaise. Lesions appear as reddened macules, then progress to clusters of vesicles and then ulcerate, crusting over. They are distributed over dermatomes, usually facial, thoracic or sacral. healing is followed by post-herpectic neuralgia. Lymphadenopathy accompanies lesions. Dissemination occurs mostly in the immune compromised.

81
Q

seborrhea and dandruff

A

usually located on head and trunk, at sebaceous gland sites.
erythematous plaques with dry or oily scales

82
Q

psoriasis

A

usually found on knees, elbows, buttocks

chronic, well demarcated erythematous plaques with silver scale

83
Q

pityriasis rosacea

A

usually located on natural skin lines of the trunk
typical presentation with a herald patch, 3-4 cm oval plaque at onset which is followed by numerous smaller <1cm plaques with collarette scale
often found in young adults, can be accompanies by systemic symptoms of malaise, fever, arthralgia, etc. 50-75 % have pruritis. May occur after URI.

84
Q

rosacea

A

occurs on face

papules, pustules and no comedones

85
Q

lichen planus

A

affects extremities

pruritic, polyangular, planar, purple papules, has a lacy surface

86
Q

Impetigo

A

face, neck and lesions on extremities

obs thin, erythematous bullous vesicles or pustules that heal with honey-colored crust

87
Q

herpes simples

A

orolabial, genital

expanding erosions with pain, an active vesicular boarder and scalloped periphery

88
Q

dyshidrosis

A

symmetrically, palms, lateral fingers and toes, soles of feet
sudden eruption of highly pruritic vesicles tha tare deep-seated with clear fluid, followed by ring of scale and peeling

89
Q

xanthelasma

A

hyperplasia of eyelid skin, yellow plaques

90
Q

corn

A

hyperplasia of feet, occurring over bony prominance

91
Q

mollulscum

A

hyperplasia of skin on trunk, extremities, face, whit firm flesh-colored dome shaped papule with central ubilication

92
Q

verruca

A

hyperplastic lesion son hands, elbows knees, feet, epidermal proliferations, single , multiple or convfluent

93
Q

actinic keratosis

A

premalignant dz, often on head, neck, dorsal hands, poorly defined hyperemia with adherent scales

94
Q

keratoacanthoma

A

premalignant dz on dorsal hands

solitary, dull, red nodule with central keratotic plug

95
Q

dysplastic nevus

A

premalignant dz, anywhere, often on trunkand upper extremities
multiple, atypical nevi with increased incidence of melanoma

96
Q

seborheic keratosis

A

benign neoplasm, anywhere on body

variable in color, waxy surface, stuck-on appearance

97
Q

mole

A

benign neoplasm, located anywhere often sun-exposed areas,

clusters of nevus cells arranged at various levels in the skin

98
Q

lipoma

A

begign neoplasm, can be anywhere

usually solitary soft, well-defined tumor

99
Q

dermatofibroma

A

benign neoplasm of legs

solitary domes shaped, fixed, pink to brown colored lesion. lateral pressure causes dimpling

100
Q

keloid

A

benign neoplasm, often anetorior chest, shoulders, neck

large raised scare that extends into adjacent normal skin

101
Q

hemangioma

A

benign neo of head and neck

rapid growth, stabilization and involution of red to purple vascular neoplasm

102
Q

SCALDA

A 
Acronyms for lesion description
Size/shape/texture
Color
Arrangement
Lesion type (primary, secondary)
Distribution 
Always check mucous membranes, nails, hair, intertriginous areas, odor
102
Q

neurofibroma

A

benign neoplasm, follows course of peripheral nerves

dermal and subQ tumores increase with age

Adv. Health Assessment (13 decks)

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