Post World War II Flashcards
How did the rationalisation of Association football change the game in the 19th century? (6 points)
- Urbanisation
- More free time
- Improved transport
- Increased professionalism
5.Social class links - Increased organisation
What is the Bosman ruling?
A European Court of Justice decision made on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. An important decision as it allowed the freedom movement of labour in the European Union. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid.
How has gender effecting sport changed?
- More sports are generally available and socially acceptable.
- Sex discrimination Act has been passed, leading to less sexual discrimination in sport on the basis of gender.
- The war effort from women also led to the breaking down of myths and stereotypes about the physical capabilities of women.
Why are more women participating in sport/football? (4 points)
- Increased media coverage
- More female role models
- Increased approval/encouragement from the FA
- More clubs are forming
How was real tennis rationalised into the modern game of Lawn tennis?
- Lawn tennis was a middle class invention as they aspired to be like the upper class but could not play real tennis.
- The middle class established private tennis courts where gardens were deemed unsuitable to house a tennis court.
What are 6 features of Lawn tennis?
- Specialist equipment
- Use of standardised rules
- Played by males and females
- Eventually spread to the lower class by courts being in parks.
- Organised by the middle class
- Played by the middle class
What was the open era?
When professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs.
How was athletics rationalised and developed into track and field athletics?
- Athletics became popular in such towns and cities, with purpose built tracks and facilities.
- Lot’s of people started spectating and wagering.
- Upper and middle class would run for fun as it rationalised.
- Lower class ran for money and were deemed as professionals.
What is the Golden triangle?
A combination of sport, media and business. Each part of the triangle are linked and each element relies on the others. For example, without media coverage , sports are less attractive to sponsors who want their business or product to be publicised to as many people as possible. The media uses sports to gain viewers, listeners and readers.
What is commercialisation?
The process of attempting to gain money from an activity (e.g sport).
What is sponsorship?
When a company pays for their products to be displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of their goods.
What is merchandising mean?
The practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another, e.g professional sport.
What are the 6 characteristics of commercial sport?
- Wide media coverage
- Professional sport
- Sponsorship and business
- Entertainment
- Athletes as commodities
- Contracts
What are 2 positives of commercialisation on professional performers?
- Receive high incomes for spots participation and commercial activities promoting products, which gave financial security and allows full time training and competition.
- Must specialise in the sport in order to compete, which requires serious training, dedication and self sacralise.
What are 2 negatives of commercialisation on professional performers?
- They are controlled by the sponsor (under contract).
- They become public commodities and suffer from a lack of privacy.
