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T Level Health > A5 > Flashcards

A5 Flashcards

1
Q

Range of methods used to collect data

A

-focus groups
-surveys (open or closed questions, interviews)
Observations
Public databases, journals and articles
Carrying out practical investigations
Official statistics

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2
Q

Quantitative data

A

Is numerical, for example results from a lab experiment

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3
Q

Discrete data

A

Is numerical and can be counted, for example number of patients

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4
Q

Continuous data

A

Is numerical and can be measure for example height,mass,length

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5
Q

Qualitative data

A

Is descriptive, for example a patients medical history

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6
Q

Appropriate ways to present data

A

-tables
-scatter graphs
-line graphs
-bar charts
-histograms
-pie chart

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7
Q

Categorical data

A

Is divided into groups or categories, for example male and female, ethnic group, city or country of residence

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8
Q

Surveys

A

A survey is a good way of gathering information as well as views and opinions

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9
Q

Observation

A

This can be a good way of gathering data about behaviour which explains its widespread use in healthcare and social science or animal behaviour studies

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10
Q

Public databases, journals and articles

A
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11
Q

Carrying out practical investigations

A

Practical investigations in the field of health and healthcare can include lavatory experiments

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12
Q

Official statistics

A

Organisations collect and publish statistics on disease, public health, health protection and health improvement

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13
Q

Official statistics public health England include are:

A

-general public health
-cancer
-cardiovascular disease
-COVID-19
-obesity
-mental health
-sexual health
-chronic disease
-end of life care
-immunisation diseases
-diet and physical activity
-child and maternal health
-cardiovascular disease
-alcohol, drug hse

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14
Q

Considerations to make when selecting a range of ways to collect and record data

A
  • data type
  • the most appropriate method of data collection
  • the most appropriate way to present the information/data
  • depth of analysis required
  • the intended audience
  • storage method
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15
Q

Dependent variable

A

Y axis
A variable that is being measured

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16
Q

Independent variable

A

X axis
A variable that changes

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17
Q

Ways to present data

A
  • tables
  • graphs and charts (line graph, bar chart, scatter graph, pie chart)
18
Q

When keeping records of written work we must:

A
  • be able to understand the record
  • make sure it’s legible
  • make sure it contains enough detail
  • ensure it’s a faithful, honest and accurate record of what we did
19
Q

Reasons why we must pay attention to detail and accuracy in written information/ data

A
  • it may be necessary to comply with legal requirements I.e GDPR
  • we may need to limit liability
  • we should be able to provide an accurate account of events
  • it will help collaboration in integrated working and data sharing
  • it helps to ensure accurate analysis of findings
  • it can provide evidence needed in support of audit trails
  • to help ensure reproducibility of results
20
Q

Results of investigations includes:

A
  • formulating a clear hypothesis to be tested
  • designing an experiment to test that hypothesis
  • controlling all variables
  • repeating measurements
  • performing a statistics, analysis to test the significance of the results
21
Q

Data protection act 2018

A

Controls the use of personal information by organisations, businesses or the government

22
Q

(DPA 2018) Personal data includes:

A
  • your name
  • telephone number
  • national insurance number
  • home address

Other personal data the Act and GDPR includes are:
- ethnic origin
- sexual orientation
- political opinions
- religious beliefs
- physical and mental health

23
Q

General data protection regulation (GDPR) 2018

A

It provides a set of principles with which any individual or organisation processing sensitive personal data must comply

24
Q

6 legitimate reasons why an organisation may process your personal data:

A
  • You have given your consent for them to process your data for a specific purpose
  • The processing is necessary to fulfil a contract you have entered into
  • There is a legal obligation for them to process your data
  • The data processing is necessary to protect you or someone else
  • Processing is necessary to perform a task in the public interest or for an official function
  • Processing is necessary so that the organisation can pursue its legitimate interests
25
Q

GDPR includes a number of rights of individuals for example

A
  • The right to be informed about the collection and use of their personal data
  • The rights to have access to their personal data
  • The rights have incorrect personal data corrected or completed if it is incomplete
  • The right to have personal data erased
  • The right to restrict the processing of their personal data
  • The right to data portability so that they can copy or transfer their personal data between different systems
  • The right to object to processing of personal data
26
Q

The ICO expects organisations to have their own policies in place examples of this include

A
  • Ensuring that data is stored securely
  • Restricting the use of mobile devices
  • Preventing potential conflicts of interest
27
Q

How to ensure confidentiality when using screens to retrieve information

A
  • Computer should always have a password protected access
  • Log out of a system when leaving the screen
  • Be aware of your surroundings when dealing with personal data
  • Ensure you have a secure Internet connections
28
Q

Positive use of social media

A
  • Awareness campaigns and disseminating information
  • Correcting misinformation
  • Crisis communication and monitoring
    
29
Q

Other uses of social media and the health and science sectors include:

A
  • Monitoring public health
  • Data gathering
  • Establishing patient support networks
  • Recruitment
    - Marketing by commercial and healthcare organisation
30
Q

Restrictions of the use of social media

A
  • Do not post sensitive or personal information about yourself or others
    - Maintain professional boundaries when interacting with individuals outside the organisation
  • Don’t share and accurate information
31
Q

The advantages of using IT systems to record, retrieve and store information

A
  • Ease of access, sharing and transferring data
  • The speed of data analysis
  • Greater data security
  • Standardisation of data
    - The ability to have continuous monitoring of data
  • Cost and space saving
  • Integrated working, making for greater collaboration between colleagues
32
Q

Risks of using IT systems to record, retrieve and store information

A
  • Not being secure enough
  • Data security breaches
  • Hackers
33
Q

What to do if information is not stored securely

A

If you find information is not stored securely you must secure the information straight away. This could be by storing the paper document in a file or logging out of a computer. You must then record and report the incident to the designated person. 

34
Q

How security measures protect data stored by organisations

A
  • Controlling access to information
  • Allowing only authorise staff into specific work areas
  • Requiring regular and up-to-date staff training and complying with data security
  • Making regular back ups of files
  • Using up-to-date cyber security strategies
  • Ensuring that back up data is stored externally
35
Q

How new technology is applied in the recording and reporting of information and data

A
  • AL/machine learning
  • Mobile technology and applications
  • Cloud based systems
  • Digital information management systems
  • Data visualisation tools
36
Q

AL/ machine learning

A

Machine learning is a branch of Artificial learning that uses computers to imitate the ways in which humans learn

37
Q

Mobile technology and applications

A

Smartphones and high speed mobile data networks such as 4G and 5G mean that devices can be connected to the internet almost anywhere in countries with more developed economies

38
Q

Cloud based systems

A

Cloud computing means the availability of computers and computer resources especially Santa storage without active management by the user

39
Q

Digital information management systems

A
40
Q

Data visualisation tools

A

T Level Health (20 decks)

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