Lecture 4

Question 1

How to measure lengths of crutches?

Answer 1

• Length of the crutch is measured by holding it vertically and placing the tip on the ground

Question 2

How many finger widths should be between the pad and axillary fold

Answer 2

2-3

Question 3

Where should the tip be on the crutch

Answer 3

6 in lateral and 6 in in front of foot

Question 4

Rule out any answer that contains a what landmarks?

Answer 4

Foot or axilla

Question 5

Handgrip measurement

Answer 5

The angle of elbow flexion is 30 degrees
The wrists should be at level of handgrip

Question 6

2-pt gait

Answer 6

• Move a crutch with the opposite leg together and then the other crutch and opposite leg.
• left crutch and rt foot then rt crutch and left foot

Question 7

3 point gait

Answer 7

Move 2 crutches and bad leg together followed by good leg

Question 8

4-point gait

Answer 8

Move everything separately!
- Move one crutch, then move one opposite leg, then move other crutch, then move other opposite leg.
-VERY slow but stable

Question 9

Swing through gait

Answer 9

Similar to 3 point
- The good leg passes the tip of crutch
-can move very fast

Question 10

Since 2 pt and 4pt are even numbers

Answer 10

These points ar used when weakness is distributed evenly across in both feet.

Question 11

For mild bilateral weakness use

Answer 11

2 point

Question 12

For severe bilateral weakness use

Answer 12

4 point

Question 13

Use the odd numbered gait when

Answer 13

only one leg is affected
3 point is only for 1 leg

Question 14

Swing through method is used when

Answer 14

For non weight bearing and amputees

Question 15

Using crutches on a stair

Answer 15

up with the good, down with the bad

Question 16

Which foot moves first upstairs

Answer 16

the good foot
the crutches and bad leg follow after together

Question 17

Which foot moves first downstairs

Answer 17

The crutches move first, then bad leg, then good leg

Question 18

What side do you hold a cane on?

Answer 18

The strong (unaffected side)
-Advance cane with opposite leg to keep wide base

Question 19

What level should handgrip be at on a cane

Answer 19

wrist level

Question 20

How to use a walker

Answer 20

the pt. picks it up, sets it down, and walks to it. they move their weak leg first and then good leg.

Question 21

How to sit down from a walker

Answer 21

• Back walker up and patient back up to chair until the chair touches their legs
• have them put their hand on arm rest and bend good leg
• have them sit down

Question 22

How to sit up from a walker

Answer 22

• Have patient put arms on arm rest
  -put weight on good leg and stand up
  -put hands on walker

Question 23

Can things be tied to walker?

Answer 23

Only on both sides and not on the front

Question 24

Can their be tennis balls or wheels on walker

Answer 24

No

Question 25

A nonpsychotic pt. has what?

Answer 25

Has insight and is reality based

Question 26

What techniques do you use with a non-psychotic pt

Answer 26

Good therapeutic communication

Question 27

Delusion, Hallucinations, and illusions are…

Answer 27

psychotic symptoms

Question 28

Delusions

Answer 28

A false, fixed belief or Idea or thought
- just a thought no sensory component

Question 29

Paranoid delusions

Answer 29

Someone is out to kill me

Question 30

Graindoise delusions

Answer 30

I’m Christ

Question 31

Somatic delusions

Answer 31

I have x-ray vision

Question 32

Hallucinations

Answer 32

Are a sensory experience
Most common are Auditory, Visual, Tactile

Question 33

Illusions

Answer 33

Misinterpretation of reality it is sensory

Question 34

Hallucination versus an Illusion

Answer 34

An illusion involves external stimuli wheres there is nothing there in a hallucination

Question 35

3 types of psychotic patients

Answer 35

1.functional psychotic
2.Psychosis of dementia
3. Psychosis of delirium

Question 36

Functional psychosis

Answer 36

• Can function in everyday life
  -chemical imbalcance in brain

Question 37

“Skeezos, Skeezo, Major, Manics”

Answer 37

Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Major depression ( not depression) , Mania

Question 38

Psychosis of dementia

Answer 38

Actual brain destruction/damage
- Senile/ Demntia falls into this category

Question 39

Psychosis of Delirium

Answer 39

Temporary, episodic loss of reality due to secondary illness like UTIs, electrolytes, drugs

Question 40

Approach for functional psychotics

Answer 40

No brain damage - can relearn reality
1. acknowledge feeling, Present reality, set limits, enforce limits

Question 41

Approach for Dementia

Answer 41

Acknowledge their feeling, redirect them give them something they can do
- Do not present reality they cannot learn reality!
- they can be reality orientated -> to place, person, time

Question 42

Approach for delirous psychosis

Answer 42

To manage them treat underlying cause
-acknowledge feeling, reassure them of safety and that its temporary
- redirection to reality is insignificant

Question 43

Sx: Flight of ideas

Answer 43

Rapid flow of thoughts

Question 44

Sx: Word Salad

Answer 44

Throw words together that are random and don’t relate

Question 45

Neologisms

Answer 45

Made up words

Question 46

If a functional psychotic presents a narrow field or does not want to do something that is told to them

Answer 46

Don’t make them do it

Question 47

Idea of reference

Answer 47

You think everyone is talking about you

Question 48

Dementia Hallmarks

Answer 48

Memory loss, inability to learn

Question 49

The second step with managing dementia patients will alwasy start with “Re”

Answer 49

Redirect, reassure, reality