1.c. Natural hazards can influence the outbreak and spread of disease

Question 1

• environmental factors affecting the spread of disease such as climate, sanitation, water supply and food
• human factors affecting the spread of the disease such as population density, access to clean water, immunisation programmes
• impacts of the disease on resident populations
• strategies used to minimise the impacts of the disease at national and international scales.

Answer 1

• Water - There is only 1 river (Meille) that is responsible for supply thousands of people with their primary water supply
  
  • Natural disasters - Tropical storm Tomas = severe flooding - heavy rainfall = breakdown of sanitary infrastructure (general destruction of infrastructure eg hospitals), accelerates interaction between contaminated water and human activities
  • Rainfall/storms causes people to shelter all together eg slums = lack of sanitation and increase spread
  • Climate - Warm temperatures - environmental conditions for growth of cholera bacteria

Question 2

• environmental factors affecting the spread of disease such as climate, sanitation, water supply and food
• human factors affecting the spread of the disease such as population density, access to clean water, immunisation programmes
• impacts of the disease on resident populations
• strategies used to minimise the impacts of the disease at national and international scales.

Answer 2

• Medical - no natural immunity, this meant spread and death toll was high
• The practice of growing rice in paddy relied on the river = rice contaminated
• Fishing and transportation increase the exposure to contaminated water
• Lack of access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation - 17% of Haitians had access to proper latrines
• People forced to use rivers for water needs - drinking, cooking, washing and a latrine
• Lack of awareness on the importance of sanitisation techniques - handwashing safely, safely disposing of human waste
• Poorly funded medical facilities, ill-equipped to treat all patients - lacked the space and facilities to contain spread between patients

Question 3

• environmental factors affecting the spread of disease such as climate, sanitation, water supply and food
• human factors affecting the spread of the disease such as population density, access to clean water, immunisation programmes
• impacts of the disease on resident populations
• strategies used to minimise the impacts of the disease at national and international scales.

Answer 3

• The Haitian people lacked immunity to the disease as it hadn’t been seen in the country for at least a century = increased vulnerability esp if concentrated, causing a higher risk of death
• Following the earthquake many people were displaced and moved to make-shift camps as their homes had been destroyed - increased cramped, unsanitary conditions with no access to ‘clean’ water, only the infected Meille river = increased diffusion
• Bad symptoms = increased spread if disease not contained (bacteria in human waste is harder to contain)
• Contaminated river = 1000s water source = increased spread

Question 4

• environmental factors affecting the spread of disease such as climate, sanitation, water supply and food
• human factors affecting the spread of the disease such as population density, access to clean water, immunisation programmes
• impacts of the disease on resident populations
• strategies used to minimise the impacts of the disease at national and international scales.

Answer 4

INCOMPLETE

Question 5

ADD GENERAL CASE STUDY INFO ON HAITI